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This paper presents a method to simultaneously improve the quality of the identifiers, secret keys, and random numbers that can be generated from the start-up values of standard static random access memories (SRAMs). The method is based on classifying memory cells after evaluating their start-up values at multiple measurements in a registration phase. The registration can be done without unplugging...
This paper presents a novel VLSI module that implements a lightweight symmetric authentication protocol based on Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC). The cryptographic key and the random numbers needed by the protocol are generated efficiently by a SRAM acting as a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF).
A demonstrator has been developed that shows how off-the-shelf SRAMs can be identified by their start-up values and how true random numbers can be extracted from them. It contains an FPGA that communicates with off-the-shelf SRAMs and with a USB 2.0 microcontroller which in turn communicates with a computer to show the results to users.
Lightweight security is currently a challenge in the field of cryptography. Most of applications designed for embedded scenarios often focus on authentication or on providing some form of anonymity and/or privacy. A well-known cryptographic element employed to provide such security is the HMAC construction. However, reported solutions are not suitable for constrained-resource scenarios due to their...
The use of Ring Oscillator PUFs to provide circuit authentication is analyzed in this paper. The limitations of the previously reported approach in terms of false rejection (due to high intra-die variations) and false acceptance (due to small inter-die variations) are discussed. These limitations are overcome by a new proposal that makes the authentication more robust against noise, temperature and...
Many studies have been directed to probe ring oscillator PUF's feasibility in the security field, but most of them suffer from the lack of global approach as they analyze the system isolated, giving an uncompleted theory about their behavior. This paper presents how adjacent hardware elements may affect PUF response, modifying their statistical characteristics and even masking the randomness of manufacturing...
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