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Among numerous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, perfusion MRI provides insight into the passage of blood through the brain's vascular network non-invasively. Studying disease models and transgenic mice would intrinsically help understanding the underlying brain functions, cerebrovascular disease and brain disorders. This study evaluates the feasibility of performing continuous arterial...
Rapid and efficient imaging of the brain to monitor brain activity and neural connectivity is performed through functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using the Echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence. An entire volume of the brain is imaged by EPI in a few seconds through the measurement of all k-space lines within one repetition time. However, this makes the sequence extremely sensitive to...
Established and emerging molecular and cellular modalities, such as optical imaging and spectroscopy, offer new opportunities for assessing tissue pathophysiology in situ. A challenge with such applications is their limited tissue penetration and low sensitivity that can be addressed with trans-needle or trans-catheter access. In this work, we describe the use of an actuated manipulator to physically...
This work discusses the architectural layout and performance results of a SoC design for parallel neural signal processing. Architectural framework for scalability and scalar reconfigurability are presented. Architectural requirements for massive parallelism in neural recordings are presented. Prototype architecture with dual processors and multi-level reconfigurable platform design is presented....
Many brain machine interfaces (BMI) seek to use the activity from hundreds of simultaneously recorded neurons to reconstruct an individual's kinematics. However, many of these neurons are not task related since there is no way to surgically target those neurons. This causes model based decoding to suffer easily from over-fitting on noisy unrelated neurons. Previous methods, such as correlation analysis...
A novel system was developed to acquire synchronous echocardiography, electrocardiography (EKG), and seismocardiography (SCG) data. The system was developed to facilitate the study of the relationship between the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the heart. The system has both a hardware and software component. The hardware component consists of an application-specific device designed and...
Radiofrequency ablation is increasingly being used for liver cancer because it is a minimally invasive treatment method. However, it is difficult for the operators to precisely control the formation of coagulation zones because of the cooling effect of capillary vessels. To overcome this limitation, we have proposed a model-based robotic ablation system using a real-time numerical simulation to analyze...
All patient-related medical information during a hospital stay in France, has to be collected and coded in the compilation of medical units discharge documents, according to a standardized approach. The process of describing a patient disease in terms of appropriate diagnostic codes is nevertheless, a non-intuitive operation for the physician. As a consequence, coding errors, inaccuracies and missing...
The respiratory rate is a vital sign that can provide important information about the health of a patient, especially that of the respiratory system. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method that can be applied in wearable systems to monitor the respiratory rate automatically and continuously over extended periods of time. In this paper, a novel respiratory rate estimation method is presented...
This paper presents an approach for measuring and monitoring human body joint angles using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. This type of monitoring is beneficial for therapists and physicians because it facilitates remote assessment of patient activities. In our approach, two IMUs are mounted on the upper leg and the lower leg to measure the Euler angles of each segment. The Euler angles are...
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has garnered attention as a means to estimate vessel elasticity. This paper presents an approach to measure PWV using two synchronized, wireless pulse oximeters placed on the wrist and fingertip of the same hand. A MATLAB interface acquires and time-aligns these incoming photoplethysmograms (PPGs), and then it calculates PWVs using time differences at three waveform features:...
The Smart Patches and Wearable Band (W-Band) are proposed for comfortable sleep monitoring system which recognizes and diagnoses sleep disorders. By using Planar Fashionable Circuit Board (P-FCB) techniques, the Smart Patches are implemented with the plain fabric patch so that it can have light weight and small size. And the stretchability of the W-Band can achieve user convenience, low manufacturing...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively alleviates the pathological neural activity associated with Parkinson's disease. Its exact mode of action is not entirely understood. This paper explores theoretically the optimum stimulation parameters necessary to quench oscillations in a neural-mass type model with second order dynamics. This model applies well established nonlinear control system theory...
As the computational complexities of neural decoding algorithms for brain machine interfaces (BMI) increase, their implementation through sequential processors becomes prohibitive for real-time applications. This work presents the field programmable gate array (FPGA) as an alternative to sequential processors for BMIs. The reprogrammable hardware architecture of the FPGA provides a near optimal platform...
A cost-effective, miniaturized and biocompatible packaging method for medical devices is proposed, resulting in a small, soft and comfortable implantable package. Towards this end, the barrier materials and fabrication process for the individual die encapsulation are largely explored. We demonstrate that various common clean room materials are good candidates for preventing metal leaching into body...
We present two-stage microfluidic platform for a continuous label-free cell separation using surface acoustic waves. In the proposed platform, cells are first lined up at the center of the channel by using standing surface acoustic waves without introducing any external sheath flow. After focused at the center of the channel, the cells are then entered to the actual cell separation stage where the...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor disabilities that can be alleviated reasonably with appropriate medication. However, there is a lack of objective methods for quantifying the efficacy of treatment in PD. We applied here an objective method for quantifying the effects of medication in PD using EMG and acceleration measurements and analysis. In the method, four signal features were...
Tracheal respiratory sound analysis is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive way to study the pathology of the upper airways. Recently, it has attracted considerable attention for acoustical flow estimation and investigation of obstruction in the upper airways. Obstructive sleep apena (OSA) is characterized by periods of reduction or complete cessation of airflow during sleep. However, the flow-sound...
Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy has been achieved, fine tuning on the operational parameters and the equipment are needed in order to make the stimulation treatment more applicable. Thus, the purpose of this study is to design and produce a deep brain stimulation device for DBS experiments for small animals (e.g. rats). Physical size, durability, cost of device and convenience of operation...
Ubiquitous and unobtrusive in-home monitoring has the potential to detect physical and mental decline earlier and with higher precision than current clinical methods. However, given that this field is in its infancy, the specific metrics through which these changes are detected are not well defined. The work presented here offers room-transitions, the act of physically moving from one area of a home...
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