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Throughout the day, the human visual system acquires information using saccade and vergence eye movements. Previously, functional MRI (fMRI) experiments have shown both shared neural resources and spatial differentiation between these two systems. FMRI experiments can reveal which regions are activated within an experimental task but do not yield insight into how regions of interest (ROIs) interact...
An ongoing debate in the field of motor control considers how the brain uses sensory information to guide the formation of motor commands to regulate movement accuracy. Recent research has shown that the brain may use visual and proprioceptive information differently for stabilization of limb posture (compensatory movements) and for controlling goal-directed limb trajectory (pursuit movements). Using...
Event related potentials (ERP) corresponding to a stimulus in electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to detect the intent of a person for brain computer interfaces (BCI). This paradigm is widely utilized to build letter-by-letter text input systems using BCI. Nevertheless using a BCI-typewriter depending only on EEG responses will not be sufficiently accurate for single-trial operation in general,...
Nystagmus is a condition in which the eyes move in an uncontrolled fashion. These eye movements confound attempts to identify patient fixation, as desired eye positions cannot be maintained. We aim to estimate the eye positions in the case of refixations and superimposed uncontrolled motion. By incorporating saccade detection and resetting our estimation algorithms, we are able to track the nystagmus...
This paper reports the brain activation patterns of five subjects who were abruptly awakened from microsleeps in a simulated automotive driving experiment. By comparing the BOLD signals between behavioral microsleep (BM), abrupt awakening (AA) and post-abrupt awakening (post-AA) stages, we observed that visual area, frontal cortex, limbic lobe manifested more intense activation during the AA stage...
Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) works on the basis that an attended stimulus shows an enhanced visual evoked response. By examining EEG power at the frequency of the dominant evoked response, we are able to determine which stimulus the subject is attending. However, due to the limited processing capability of human visual system, when presented with...
Co-adaptation between the human brain and computers is an important issue in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. However, most of the research has focused on the computer side of BCI, such as developing powerful machine-learning algorithms, while less research has focused on investigating how BCI users may optimally adapt. This paper assesses the influences of positive and negative visual feedback...
Understanding the neural mechanisms of limb position estimation is important both for comprehending the neural control of goal directed arm movements and for developing neuroprosthetic systems designed to replace lost limb function. Here we examined the role of area 5 of the posterior parietal cortex in estimating limb position based on visual and somatic (proprioceptive, efference copy) signals....
Navigation and way finding including obstacle avoidance is difficult when visual perception is limited to low resolution, such as is currently available on a bionic eye. Depth visualisation may be a suitable alternative. Such an approach can be evaluated using simulated phosphenes with a wearable mobile virtual reality kit. In this paper, we present two novel approaches: (i) an implementation of depth...
This study explored the feasibility of high-resolution Mn-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for in vivo assessments of the development and reorganization of retinal and visual callosal pathways in normal neonatal rodent brains and after early postnatal visual impairments. Using MEMRI, intravitreal Mn2+ injection into one eye resulted in maximal T1-weighted hyperintensity in neonatal...
We are investigating different adaptive strategies for training with the MIT-Skywalker, a novel robotic device for gait training. In this paper, we describe our studies on an implicit “visual distortion” paradigm and demonstrate its potential on a set of experiments with healthy subjects. Our results suggest that a gradual distortion of visual feedback of step symmetry, during a treadmill walking...
Audiovisual interaction has been one of the most important topics in cognitive neurosciences. Visual stimuli could significantly impact the auditory perception, and vice versa. Nevertheless, how much the change in visual stimuli would influence the perception of auditory change remains to be investigated. In this paper, we designed an audiovisual experiment in which subjects were required to judge...
The inter-subject variability of visual cortex reorganization was assessed in late-blind subjects suffering from retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a degenerative retinal disease that results in tunnel vision and eventual loss of sight. fMRI BOLD responses were measured as blindfolded RP and blindfolded sighted control groups completed a tactile discrimination task (in which subjects determined the relative...
This paper presents a novel, low-cost, real-time adaptive multimedia environment for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke survivors. The primary goal of this system is to provide an interactive tool with which the stroke survivor can sustain gains achieved within the clinical phase of therapy and increase the opportunity for functional recovery. This home-based mediated system has low...
We have developed a range of vision rehabilitation devices and techniques for people with impaired vision due to either central vision loss or severely restricted peripheral visual field. We have conducted evaluation studies with patients to test the utilities of these techniques in an effort to document their advantages as well as their limitations. Here we describe our work on a visual field expander...
Cognitive control of emotion plays an important role in maintaining emotional stability in people's daily life. However, the neural mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the induced gamma activity in response to emotional expressions which was associated with the cognitive regulation. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in fifteen normal subjects when detecting emotional expressions....
Since the 1970s, various automatic sleep spindles procedures have been implemented and presented in the literature. Unfortunately, their results are not easily comparable because the databases, the assessment methods and the terminologies employed are often radically different. In this study, we propose a systematic assessment method for any automatic sleep spindles detection algorithm. We apply this...
Brain-computer interfaces based on event-related potentials face a trade-off between the speed and accuracy of the system, as both depend on the number of iterations. Increasing the number of iterations leads to a higher accuracy but reduces the speed of the system. This trade-off is generally dealt with by finding a fixed number of iterations that give a good result on the calibration data. We show...
The N200 speller is a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm utilizing the overt attention effects on motion onset visual evoked potentials (mVEP). However, the asynchronous performance of the N200 BCI has not been fully explored. In this paper, a novel algorithm was proposed, integrating the spatial profile of the visual speller to provide a more precise description of the mVEP responses....
The extended period many people now spend looking at computer screens is thought to affect eyesight over the long term. In this paper we are concerned with developing and initial evaluation of a wireless camera-based tracking system providing quantitative assessment of computer screen interaction. The system utilizes a stereo camera system and wireless XBee based infrared markers and enables unobtrusive...
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