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In India, number of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) would be 87 million by the year 2030. DM disturbs autonomic regulation of skin micro-circulation, and causes decrease in resting blood flows through the skin. The skin blood flow has a major effect on its temperature. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes of skin temperature of all parts of the body and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine,...
Thermal infrared imaging (TIRI) employs a focal plane array (FPA) of infrared detectors, with associated optics and optoelectronics to remotely detect and topographically map thermal emittance. Thermal and optical properties of human physioanatomy are not fully understood yet confounding diagnostic interpretation of human TIRI's. Elucidation of the specific physical mechanism via which thermal emission...
Early detection and diagnosis of skin cancer is essential to treating the malignancy and preventing death. Subsurface features and depth information are critical in evaluating a skin lesion for this early malignancy screening. We present a novel voxel-based Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in skin tissue which runs in a highly parallel environment on desktop graphics processors, resulting...
Several algorithms have been recently proposed for the analysis of dermoscopy images and the detection of melanomas. However, the pigment network is not considered in most of these works, although this cue plays a major role in clinical diagnosis routines. This paper proposes an algorithm for the detection of the pigment network. The algorithm is based on a bank of directional filters (difference...
This paper presents a dry fabric electrode and its characteristics. For long-term physiological signal monitoring, conventional wet type electrode such as an Ag/AgCl electrode may not be sufficient, because captured signal strength degrades over time as its electrolyte dehydrates. Moreover, the electrolyte may cause skin irritation over a period of time. As a complement, a dry electrode can be used...
This paper reports on the high strength of high-aspect ratio (> 50) hollow, polymer microneedles fabricated out-of-plane using a fairly repeatable fabrication process. Further, these microneedle tips were sharpened by a molding principle, with a simple anisotropic etch of silicon wafer. Also, an enhanced elegant process was explored to incorporate the mounting of the microneedle onto a platform...
Machine-learning techniques have found widespread applications in bioinformatics. Such techniques provide invaluable insight on understanding the complex biomedical mechanisms and predicting the optimal individualized intervention for patients. In our case, we are particularly interested in developing an individualized clinical guideline on wheelchair tilt and recline usage for people with spinal...
Given the soaring costs associated with the treatment of ever more prevalent chronic disease, it is widely agreed that a revolution is required in health care provision. It is often thought that the necessary technology already exists for the home-based monitoring of such patients and that it is other factors which are holding back the more widespread clinical uptake of these new tools. The authors...
The design and fabrication of a novel 2-scale topography dry electrode using macro and micro needles is presented. The macro needles enable biopotential measurements on hairy skin, the function of the micro needles is to decrease the electrode impedance even further by penetrating the outer skin layer. Also, a fast and reliable impedance characterization protocol is described. Based on this impedance...
In an in home usage outpatient setting, patient compliance is a key factor in determining the adoption and efficacy of treatment for any illness and is paramount for patient dependent medical technologies such as mobile patient monitoring systems. As a leader in the development of these technologies, Corventis has deployed its NUVANT™ Mobile Cardiac Telemetry System to thousands of patients around...
The ability to reconstruct gastric electrical activity (termed slow waves) non-invasively from potential field measurements made on the torso surface would be a useful tool to aid in the clinical diagnosis of a number of gastric disorders. This is mathematically akin to the inverse problem of electrocardiography. To investigate this problem, an anatomically realistic torso model and an electrical...
This paper presents a first version of a taxonomy of automatic sleep patterns found with the Affectiva Q™ Sensor, a wireless, logging biosensor that measures skin conductance, skin temperature, and motion comfortably from the wrist. Several studies have examined electrodermal activity (EDA) during sleep, but they focused on an analysis of EDA for only a small number of nights. We quantitatively analyzed...
Variations in electrical impedance over frequency might be used to distinguish the degree of atopic dermatitis (AD), even if the mechanisms of the skin barrier impairment due to AD are still unknown. We observed the skin bioimpedance of normal mice and of abnormal mice having atopic with instrument measuring electrical impedance. Electrical impedance was measured from 20Hz to 1MHz at many frequencies...
Local heating causes an increase in skin blood flow by activating sensory axon reflex and metabolic nitric oxide controls. It has been observed that the remote skin area without temperature changes also shows a slightly increase in blood flow. The responsible mechanism of this indirect vasodilation remains unclear. We hypothesized that the remote skin area will have enhanced synchronization of blood...
During biopsies, breast tissue is subjected to displacement upon needle indentation, puncture, and penetration. Thus, accurate needle placement requires pre-operative predictions of the target motions. In this paper, we used ultrasound elastography measurements to non-invasively predict elastic properties of breast tissue phantoms. These properties were used in finite element (FE) models of indentation...
Computational prediction of cis-regulatory elements for a set of co-expressed genes based on sequence analysis provides an overwhelming volume of potential transcription factor binding sites. It presents a challenge to prioritize transcription factors for regulatory functional studies. A novel approach based on the use of Lasso regression models is proposed to address this problem. We examine the...
Segmentation is an important step in computer-aided diagnostic systems for pigmented skin lesions, since that a good definition of the lesion area and its boundary at the image is very important to distinguish benign from malignant cases. In this paper a new skin lesion segmentation method is proposed. This method uses Independent Component Analysis to locate skin lesions in the image, and this location...
This paper describes a Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) system based on the distributed network structure for rehabilitation of stroke patients. This FES system performs surface stimulation to activate the nerve of paretic muscles for training stroke patients to relearn motor functions. The main components of the networked FES system include a master unit (MU), a distributed stimulation-sensor...
In this paper we evaluate the physiological performance of a silver-silver chloride dry electrode with bristle (B-Electrode) in recording EEG data. For this purpose, we compare the performance of the bristle electrode in recording EEG data with the standard wet gold-plated cup electrode (G-Electrode) using two different brain state change tasks including resting condition with eyes-closed and performing...
The work presented in this paper is part of our investigation in the ROBOSKIN project. The project aims to develop and demonstrate a range of new robot capabilities based on robot skin tactile feedback from large areas of the robot body. The main objective of the project is to develop cognitive mechanisms exploiting tactile feedback to improve human-robot interaction capabilities. The project aims...
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