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In this paper are described some principles and new methods underlying the temperature adjustment in an laboratory electrical furnace. Due to high thermal inertia, classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative algorithms are difficult to be implemented when a high precision temperature adjustment is required. An original software algorithm written in C language performs the temperature control function,...
DC voltage measurement device is the key equipment in the DC transmission system, which is mainly used for system voltage measurement and providing voltage signals to the measuring instruments and secondary protection devices. With the rapid development of DC transmission and flexible transmission in China, DC voltage measurement device has been widely used and developed. High accuracy and high stability...
A CMOS fully-integrated Coulomb counter based on a voltage-to-frequency conversion algorithm that measures the state-of-charge (SoC) of a high-density Li-ion battery is presented. Low-side current sensing with a polarity detector is used to monitor the charging and discharging battery current. It is designed in 0.35 μm CMOS process and occupies an active area of 0.01mm2. Except for the sensing resistor...
The paper presents a theoretical approach about a heating system for industrial applications which could be transffered to a domestic application regard of how to automatically heating the water, from a input value until an heigh output value. Heated water could be used in different industrial technological processes, also at domestic houses or office buildings to prepare hot water. In this paper...
Heat transfer phenomena in electronic nanostructures are supposed not to obey the classic Fourier heat transfer theory. Thus, in order to verify this hypothesis experimentally, a set of MEMS nanostructures was designed and manufactured. These structures contain a number of cavities filled with different materials, including various dielectrics, such as silicon dioxide and the silicon nitride, or air...
Power Semiconductor devices used for high voltage, high current applications dissipate lot of power thereby rapidly increasing their junction temperature to levels beyond which no SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) models exist. In this paper, the design of an integrated four channel squib driver SOC (System on Chip) with four High Side (HS) drivers and four Low Side (LS)...
A novel online measurement unit for capturing the collector-emitter voltage during conduction mode has been developed. This is a well-known method for the health monitoring of power semiconductors and for estimating the junction temperature. This method is shown in the literature for up to 1000 V DC-link voltages. However, an online measurement for high-voltage (4.5 kV) IGBTs demands a new approach,...
In this paper, we present a pseudo-resistor-based transimpedance amplifier (TIA) whose transimpedance value is PVT-independent and continuously tuneable over a wide range. The nonlinearity of the pseudo-resistors is mitigated by connecting a large number of elements in series and the effect of process variations on the pseudo-resistor is canceled by a biasing network based on a pseudo current mirror...
The thermal diffusivity of silicon DSi has been used to realize fully-CMOS frequency references. However, due to the temperature dependence of Dg, the accuracy of such frequency references is limited to about 1000 ppm (−55 °C to 125 °C, one-point trim) due to the inaccuracy of the on-chip temperature compensation circuitry. As an alternative, we propose a frequency reference based on the thermal diffusivity...
Aquaponics refers to the integration of hydroponics with aquaculture. The growth performance of comet goldfish against a plant of coriander, types of leafy vegetable and water plant were evaluated in recirculation of this aquaponics system towards temperature, light and fish waste effectively. The fish were feed with commercial pelleted feeds containing 30% crude protein which can provide almost all...
A CMOS on-chip oscillator (OCO) for local interconnection network (LIN) bus is presented. The temperature dependence of the output frequency is compensated by the voltage ratio adjusting (VRA) technique. The frequency variation with supply voltage is reduced by a voltage regulator with a wide input range of 1.8 V to 5.0 V. The frequency shift caused by package stress is minimized by resistor placement...
We propose a simple current reference circuit with low power supply voltage dependence and low temperature coefficient by combining output currents of conventional current mirror and Nagata current source. Detailed analysis and design procedure are presented. Preliminary test chip measurement results are also represented. Temperature dependence of the output current was compensated by synthesizing...
Measuring the dissipated power of fast switching semiconductors or magnetic components with low power factor makes high demands on the accuracy of the measurement equipment. Calorimetric measurement methods represent a possible solution for this problem but are considered as being too time demanding. A compensating temperature control facilitates to reduce the time demand for a single measurement...
This paper presents the most energy-efficient CMOS temperature sensor ever reported, with a resolution FoM of 49fJ K2, 2.7× better than the state-of-the-art. It consists of a Wheatstone bridge made from poly-silicon resistors, which is readout by a 2nd-order Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma modulator (CTDSM). This approach leads to a high resolution (160μΚ in 10ms) and a low supply-voltage sensitivity...
The need for high-frequency, low-power, wide temperature range, precision on-chip reference clock generation makes relaxation oscillator topology an attractive solution for various automotive applications. This paper presents for the first time a 140MHz relaxation oscillator with robust-against-process-variation temperature compensation scheme. The high-frequency relaxation oscillator achieves 28...
In this paper, a functional principle for a broadband thermal detector suited for a monolithical integration is shown. Two tantalum load resistors are heated by an input signal, while the temperature at a fixed distance is recorded on chip with a differential temperature sensing bridge. An integrated differential to single-ended stage amplifies the bridges differential voltage and provides an output...
This paper presents an NPN-based temperature sensor intended for the temperature compensation of the metal shunt resistor of an integrated current sensing system. The sensor was implemented in a 0.18 HV BCD CMOS technology and occupies 0.16mm2 After a one-point trim, its inaccuracy is less than ±0.4°C over the industrial temperature range (−40°C to 85°C). It also achieves 14.8niK resolution in a 7ms...
Bandgap voltage is typically used as the reference voltage of voltage regulators, such as dc-dc converters. Two high-precision CMOS bandgap reference circuits, labeled as current-mode and voltage-mode bandgap circuits, are proposed. The voltage-mode bandgap circuit can work with the supply voltage ranging from 2.5 V to 5V, while the current-mode bandgap works from 1.8 V to 5V. Both of them were designed...
This paper proposes a comprehensive modeling and parameters extraction method of solar photovoltaic module based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The characteristic curves of photovoltaic panel are obtained by using only the information provided by the manufacturer data-sheet, avoiding the need to carry out experimental data. The performance and the accuracy of the proposed method are...
This paper presents a read-out circuit for capacitive and resistive sensors with large scale which converts capacitance or resistance to frequency. It utilizes a high precision and high speed comparator to control the oscillation. A method using correlated double sampling (CDS) technique in continuous-time comparator is proposed to attenuate the DC offset and low frequency flicker noise. A calibration...
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