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Heat transfer phenomena in electronic nanostructures are supposed not to obey the classic Fourier heat transfer theory. Thus, in order to verify this hypothesis experimentally, a set of MEMS nanostructures was designed and manufactured. These structures contain a number of cavities filled with different materials, including various dielectrics, such as silicon dioxide and the silicon nitride, or air...
We propose a simple current reference circuit with low power supply voltage dependence and low temperature coefficient by combining output currents of conventional current mirror and Nagata current source. Detailed analysis and design procedure are presented. Preliminary test chip measurement results are also represented. Temperature dependence of the output current was compensated by synthesizing...
The aim of this paper was to elaborate novel two-dimensional behavioral temperature models for thin-film resistors fabricated onto FR-4 laminate. Investigated resistors were made of Ni-P alloy with two different thicknesses (0.1 μm or 0.05 μm) and the same different sheet resistances (100 ohm/sq or 250 ohm/sq). A large number of R(l, w, T) characteristics was measured automatically in cryostat system...
Analog front-end for precise temperature measurement of a human body has been presented. The discussed analog front-end (AFE) contains a new temperature calibration technique based on on-chip resistor. The described calibration method allows to obtain very high accuracy, even 0.1 °C, in very wide range of an operating temperature of an integrated circuit. The AFE consists of a bandgap current reference,...
We demonstrate a W-band bolometer based on a platinum nano-strip which is integrated with a waveguide probe on a polymer substrate. We measure a high thermal response of 49000 K/W thanks to the small size of the Pt resistor and the thermal properties of the polymer. Furthermore, its small thermal capacity allows to decrease the time constant to 2.2 ms. A good matching in the entire W-band is achieved...
The quasi-distributed sensor allowing measuring of steady-state temperature fields has been proposed. The sensor comprises of thin sensing resistive elements arranged in grid structure. The sensor can be used in the system wherein only external boundary is available for measurement equipment connection such as PEMFC membrane electrode assembly. The proposed sensor can be adapted to measure other physical...
The general structure of interaction of multi-functional sensors with simultaneous temperature and humidity measurement within cyber-physical systems are proposed. The substitution method of active resistance measurement was used to implementation of nanostructured sensors into measurement system.
In an effort to refine the value of the Boltzmann constant (k), we made thermodynamic temperature measurements of k using a Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) system, currently under development, using a quantum voltage noise source (QVNS). The JNT system measures the power spectrum density (PSD) of a sensor resistor using the PSD of a QVNS as a reference. k is then obtained using the Johnson-Nyquist...
High-voltage dc (HVDC) reference divider is essential for on-site calibration of HVDC measuring systems. In this paper the effect of the change of temperature, electromagnetic environment of converter station and other factors on the ratio accuracy of reference divider is analyzed. The influence of high voltage connection cables, which apply high voltage to the reference divider and calibrated divider,...
Taking into account the real working temperatures from different zones and daily requirement of reduction of production costs, into automotive electronics production the trend is the one towards low melting point alloys that will enable energy savings and cost reductions during the manufacturing processes. In the paper, the mechanical strength of solder joints and samples having the same transversal...
This work deals with the designing of an oscillator based bridge set-up that can be used for in-circuit resistance measurement for a wide range of values. The circuit utilizes op-amp based active bridge in integration with relaxation oscillator to convert the resistance change into time period or duty cycle. The addition of an oscillator makes the bridge self-sustaining in nature. A novel, low cost,...
This paper describes a study on the transportation effect using four 100 Ω standard resistors of a new construction. All resistors have been transported by air: two of the resistors in hand-carried luggage and the other two by normal air freight. The standards have been measured by three national metrology institutes, the Korean Research Institute of Standards, the National Institute of Standards...
Johnson Noise Thermometry is an electronic approach to determine the Boltzmann constant k through measurement of the ratio of the noise power measured across a sense resistor at the triple point of water and the measured noise-power of a synthesized reference waveform. The reference waveform is synthesized by an array of Josephson junctions. In this paper, we show how incorrect averaging to determine...
We have been developing a Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) at NMIJ toward redefinition of the Boltzmann constant k. The JNT system measure thermal noise power of a resistor installed at the triple point of water and power of a reference signal generated with a Quantum Voltage Noise Source (QVNS) alternatively in order to obtain k precisely. Relative differences between experimentally obtained k and...
A setup has been developed for the accurate calibration of DC current ratios for DC currents up to 600 A. The setup is based on a DC current comparator and suitable for the calibration of DC current ratio measurement devices up to 100 A primary current. For higher primary currents, multiple turns of the primary conductor are made through the device under test. It has been verified that for well-designed...
An overview is presented on precision high-ohmic resistance measurements for values of 100 MΩ and above. The two main measurement techniques in this resistance range are discussed, the current integration technique and the adapted Wheatstone bridge. The quality of high-ohmic resistance standards, especially their time constants, temperature and voltage dependence, often is limiting the final uncertainty...
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have remarkable electrical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties. CNT-polymer composites are therefore alternative materials for applications, like flexible electrodes in displays, electronic paper, antistatic coatings. But these materials can also be used as sensors, due to their special properties. The paper describes the behavior of CNT-based thick film layers on foils...
Integrated resistors are fabricated by using pure boron (PureB) depositions to create a p-type conductive layer on n-type silicon. Sheet resistance values in the 100 kΩ/□ range are reliably and reproducibly realized. The resistors made in this material are linear and display low temperature coefficients of a few hundred ppm/°C and good tolerances.
Electrically conductive adhesives (ECA) have potential for low cost, high reliability, and simple processing. Additionally, an important advantage with ECA materials is the possibility for low bonding temperature. Therefore, they are especially well suited for low cost applications. ECA materials are prepared by mixing polymer matrix with electrically conductive particles. In isotropic conductive...
The emerging of printed and organic electronics has been proven as a major trend in the last years. The only major commercial issue is represented by the organic light emitting diodes (OLED). In the current paper will be shown the results of electrical investigations of organic resistors based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS). The influence of the...
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