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In this paper, we investigate global performance deterioration of linear consensus networks subject to exogenous disturbance inputs. It is assumed that the dynamics of the network is influenced by two types of external disturbances: additive noise input and measurement noise. The effect of these disturbance inputs on the global performance of the network is measured by the square of the ℋ2-norm of...
A low-power 2Mb ReRAM macro was developed in 90 nm CMOS platform, demonstrating lower power data-writing (x1/7) and faster data-reading (x2∼3) as compared to a conventional flash. The memory window at −6σ for 10 years was confirmed with a high-speed 1-bit ECC considering operating temperature ranging from −40 to 85 °C, where the worst conditions are high-temperature (85°C) “Off” writing and low-temperature...
We present the design and implementation of an analog front-end for smart-sensors and measurement results with prototypes of acceleration micro-sensors. The technology used for sensor manufacturing features silicon nanowires as strain gauges. The proposed system supports Kelvin contacts scheme and sensor bias duty-cycling. A fully-differential amplifier with a sensor-degenerated common-mode rejection...
This article describes theoretical and experimental studies of the noise influence in direct current measurements by means of measures of voltage and resistance, as well as by serial precision ammeters and DC current calibrators. It was shown that the shot noise restrict the measurement accuracy level of dc current in this measurement range.
We present first ac measurements of the quantized Hall resistance in graphene. Remarkably, the first results are very similar to that of conventional, unshielded GaAs devices. The future exploration of the detailed loss mechanisms in graphene by established ac analysis techniques thus gives a good chance to understand and to eliminate the ac losses, enabling a future graphene-based impedance standard.
In this paper, we have presented the design and invention of an electronic nose (E-nose) that can work and analyze the results via a network system such as LAN or WiFi. The MWCNTs/polymer composites were used as a gas sensor array. The constant current circuit was newly designed for gas sensor measurement. The fabricated E-nose showed a high performance for indoor air monitoring with very low noise.
In 2010, NIST measured the Boltzmann constant k with an electronic technique that measured the Johnson noise of a 100 Ω resistor at the triple point of water (TPW) and used a voltage waveform synthesized with a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) as a reference. In this paper, we present measurements of k using a 200 Ω sense resistor and appropriately modified QVNS circuit and waveform. Preliminary...
A two-channel analog-to-digital converter was used to investigate the noise of the cryogenic quantum Hall resistance. Without applied current, only thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise is present. With applied current, excess noise due to dissipation bursts appears which dramatically increases with the non-integer fraction of the filling factor.
In this study, a simple model system is used for describing selected aspects of the electrical behavior in sliding electrical contacts. The resistance of a slip ring consists of static components (e.g. brushes), systematically varying components (effective track resistance) as well as non-periodic components (contact noise). Depending on the speed and wear state of the system the electrical behavior...
It is difficult to measure and process the signals for battery due to weak effective signal accompanied by strong noise. This paper designs a phase lock amplifying circuit based on balanced and modulated/demodulated chip AD630. The working principle is described in detail. The relationship between input and output is derived. The experimental result clearly indicates that the method is simple, practical...
Many software defect prediction models have been built using historical defect data obtained by mining software repositories (MSR). Recent studies have discovered that data so collected contain noises because current defect collection practices are based on optional bug fix keywords or bug report links in change logs. Automatically collected defect data based on the change logs could include noises...
A micro-Pirani pressure sensor, which consists of a pressure dependent thermo-resistance gauge, is traditionally exploited using a steady state resistance measurement. Any signal variation occurs over a constant voltage bias due to the initial resistance of the device which affects the sensor's sensitivity. Our work shows for the first time an experimental investigation of a micro-Pirani gauge based...
This paper presents an analysis of flow sensors found in the market today that uses the differential pressure technology to measure flow at mechanical pulmonary ventilator respiratory circuits. It proposes a set of differential pressure transducers for the reading of the resistance element in order to get a readout resolution equal or smaller than 0.15L/min within the regular measuring range for mechanical...
We discuss the relevance of the distribution of the base resistance of planar bipolar transistors with respect to noise-and small-signal characteristics. We present analytical results for admittance parameters in terms of elements of the small-signal equivalent circuit of the Mextram compact model and discuss extraction of base resistance distribution parameters from measured admittance parameters...
This paper reports on the thermal noise power of the quantum Hall and longitudinal resistance, measured without and with an external current. The results not only verify the expected behaviour and allow interesting insights into the quantum Hall effect but also demonstrate that the conventional AC measuring technique is suitable to take the noise as the signal and to reliably measure tiny effects...
The considerations for designing a completely digitally controlled cryogenic current comparator resistance ratio bridge are presented. Crucial elements in the design include low noise current sources of sufficient stability, and gain and bandwidth in the digital feedback loops, so that the final behaviour of the CCC bridge is limited by the fundamentally inevitable (1/f) noise sources of the SQUID...
Integrated grounded resistors of very large value are essential circuit elements for the design of compact filters with very low cut-off frequencies. A typical application is the rejection of DC voltages in amplifier circuits in physiological recording systems exhibiting electrode offset and low-frequency drift. This paper describes the implementation of a giga-ohm resistance using a fixed-gain OTA...
We present the first, fully integrated, multi-channel implementation of a patch-clamp measurement system. The system was implemented in a 0.5 μm silicon-on-sapphire process. The system can record two simultaneous cell membrane currents up to ±20 μA with a rms noise of 8 pA in a 10 kHz bandwidth. The system can compensate for the capacitance and resistance of the pipette electrode, up to 10 pF and...
Pointer-type meter is widely applied in actual projects. The reading of it generally depends on manual observation operation or AD sampling digitization reading. This is insufficient in precision, and wastes both time and energy. Using computer vision and image processing technology, automatic reading of pointer-type meter can be realized, which has much higher efficiency, less consumption and lower...
Low frequency noise of NMOS and PMOS field effect transistors was measured in wide temperature range as a function of applied electric field intensity in longitudinal and perpendicular direction and the influence of sample geometry on 1/f noise and RTS noise was examined for various gate lengths. Relative amplitude of RTS noise given by number of carriers under the gate and its dependence on channel...
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