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This paper introduces the realization and calibration of complex impedance standard which is a kind of active simulation impedance. As a new calibration equipment for digital bridge, complex impedance standard can simulate any amplitude or angle of complex impedance by generating voltage and current to calibrate digital bridge in the whole complex plane, which can make up for deficiency in the calibration...
This paper presents a CM noise suppression technique from self-calibration of a 20-Gb/s source-series terminated (SST) driver using an on-chip process monitoring circuit designed and simulated in a 65-nm CMOS process. An unbalanced charging and discharging loop results in an asymmetric rise and fall time of the output signal and is an intrinsic source of the CM noise. For an SST driver, the CM noise...
This paper presents a novel process variation compensation technique for semi-self impedance calibration of the transmission line driver implemented with the Low Voltage Swing Terminated Logic (LVSTL). The impedance calibration in the pull-up and pull-down networks of the driver circuits are analyzed and designed based on the JEDEC LPDDR4(Low Power Double Data Rate) standard. Based on the impedance...
Impedance standards are very important tools in the field of electrical metrology. Therefore, capacitance, inductance, and resistance standards exist in all of the electrical laboratories, but with different accuracy levels. Design of a universal circuit, which can generate all of these quantities, is demonstrated in this paper. It is mainly based on microcontroller technique and electronic relays...
A design and simulations methodology that detects and compensates for NMOS and PMOS transistor resistance variation is presented. The proposed methodology provides a robust mechanism to match the transmitter impedance to the line impedance which minimizes reflection and improves signal quality. A mixed signal approach, where an analog circuit detects the resistance variation, and a digital circuit...
This paper presents a temperature measurement system without the input buffer. A voltage follower or a buffer is required to minimize the influence of the ADC input impedance in the thermistor temperature measurement system. A high performance operational amplifier is usually required to prevent the noise and distortion due to the additional circuit. Negative power is also necessary to prevent the...
A mixed analog/digital impedance calibration circuit for LPDDR2 transmitter is proposed, taking advantage of the Fully Depleted SOI technology and its back biasing capability. This feature allows to modulate the current, and hence the impedance of the output driver. While the process deviation is compensated digitally, the proposed technique gives the opportunity to compensate for temperature and...
An Input Output (IO) Buffer for memory Interface is proposed with the concept of a merged driver which helps in improving the linearity of the driver with a reduced area. A novel calibration scheme is proposed which can adjust larger driver resistance and termination impedance changes for temperature and voltage drifts in a fewer cycles of system clock which will improve the valid data window.
This paper describes a measuring set up based on a synchronous sampling system which allows the calibration of any kind of impedance (resistance, inductance or capacitance) in terms of a reference resistance standard. The impedance range covered starts below 1 Ω and reaches 100 kΩ for frequencies ranging between 50 Hz and 20 kHz.
AC-DC transfer standard and micro-potentiometer are widely used for AC voltage standard at low level. Input impedance and 50-Ω load dependency of the standard are discussed for the ac voltage application below 200 mV and 1 MHz. The load dependency of the unit reaches 385 μV/V at 1 MHz, and this loading error should be corrected when calibrate the 50-Ω AC source using the standard.
Electronic calibration set for wideband sixport is discussed in the paper. The calibration method in use is mentioned, standard calibration sets are presented with their parameters and the electronic calibration set is designed to offer similar parameters with the ease of single connection to measurement system. Main circuit schematics with real measured values of S11 are shown and obtained results...
In this paper different design optimizations for implementing a universal sensor interface has been proposed. With those optimizations, the trade off between the measurement accuracy and the flexibility/generality in such a system has been optimized so that the resulting system can have a much wider application range and therefore more usefulness compared with other currently existing solutions targeting...
mm-Wave applications claim for accurate and reliable device models for their very high frequency operation range. This is not possible without any representative measurement of the intrinsic device performances especially HF small-signal measurements. In this paper we determine major parasitic contributions of regular HF test structures. Parasitic investigation goes from the probes down to the transistor...
The following topics are dealt with: fundamental constant, resistance, ac-dc transfer, voltage, power, impedance, magnetic variable, time and frequency measurements and standards; calibration of measurement techniques and set-ups; photonic and magnetic methods; radiofrequency measurement methods.
The Modelflow method (MM) requires the recording of the aortic pressure signal, to compute cardiac output (CO) by simulating a non-linear three-element model of aortic input impedance. We propose an extended MM to be applied to the intraventricular pressure signal, to obtain an independent estimation of CO in the setting of conductance measurements. Hemodynamic tests were performed in 21 patients...
The Modelflow method (MM) requires the recording of the aortic pressure signal, to compute cardiac output (CO) by simulating a non-linear three-element model of aortic input impedance. We propose an extended MM to be applied to the intraventricular pressure signal, to obtain an independent estimation of CO in the setting of conductance measurements. Hemodynamic tests were performed in 21 patients...
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