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Modular multilevel converters (MMC) have many advantages owing to their power-stage modularity. However, this modularity does not extend directly to the control. Particularly, the balancing control usually requires central coordination and increases in complexity with the system size. This paper presents a balancing control method for a more general modular multilevel converter with series and parallel...
This article presents the design of a 4.5-V, 450-mA low drop-out (LDO) voltage linear regulator based on a two-stage cascoded operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) as error amplifier. The aforementioned two-stage OTA is designed with cascoded current mirroring technique to boost up the output impedance. The proposed OTA has a DC gain of 101 dB under no load condition. The designed reference...
Models of the modular multilevel voltage inverter (MMI) were developed. A quantity of series half-bridge transistor cells with capacitors in each arm is arbitrary. Modeling was implemented in MatLab and in the environment of in-house design ComSim. In ComSim the model was developed by the methodology of system modeling by interconnected subsystems, which allowed small machine time losses for calculations.
Energy efficiency of the process equipment is achieved by the use of modern energy-saving electric drives. One of the ways of development such systems is the use of induction motor electric drive with power factor correction (PFC). The article provides analysis of PFC, built on the boost voltage converter, develop of its control system and also functional model, made in Matlab Simulink.
The existing industry standard compact models, VBIC and HICUM, are used to model devices using a linear thermal resistance network. However, the thermal resistance of the SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) depends on the amount of power dissipated in the device. The increase of thermal resistance caused by self-heating due to the unsymmetrical emitter geometry and deep trenches lead to a...
Models of Synchronous Generators with PWM DC-DC converter and Self-Excitation Systems have been designed. Calculations have shown that the unipolar PWM DC-DC converter in some modes shortly excludes from the voltage regulation process. The bipolar PWM converter effectively affects the generator and consequently enhances the system operation speed. The bipolar PWM converter uses the energy recovery...
This article presents the design of a 4.5-V, 450-mA low drop-out (LDO) voltage linear regulator based on a two-stage cascoded operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) as error amplifier. The aforementioned two-stage OTA is designed with cascoded current mirroring technique to boost up the output impedance. The proposed OTA has a DC gain of 101 dB under no load condition. The designed reference...
The paper describes operation and design of a memory retention LDO regulator. The LDO regulator is operating in a very wide range of the output currents (up to 100 uA) with a very small quiescent current (in the range of 100–300 nA). In the proposed circuit this range is achieved using a nonlinear translinear cell added to the the unity gain stage (voltage follower). The cell provides the load controlled...
The paper deals with design and analysis of a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) working with a very low supply voltage, which is targeted for low-power applications. The proposed amplifier was designed using the bulk-driven approach, which is suitable for ultra-low voltage circuits. Since the power supply voltage is less than 0.6 V, there is no risk of latchup that is usually the main drawback of bulk-driven...
Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator operates with a very small Input Output Voltages with nanometer CMOS technology which enhances density of the chip. Design of Low Dropout voltage Regulators with more execution and less power consuming is a challenging problem. In battery operated devices, hand operated devices and noise sensitive analog devices which need high reliable supply voltages and are battery...
In this paper, a variable gain amplifier designed in 130 nm CMOS technology is presented. The proposed amplifier is based on the bulk-driven approach, which brings a possibility to operate with low supply voltage (i.e. 0.6 V). Since the supply voltage of only 0.6 V is used for the amplifier to operate, there is no latchup risk that usually represents the main drawback of the bulk-diven approach. As...
Voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are the most important basic building block of wired or wireless communication systems where these are mostly used as high frequency clock generating subsystems. The main objective of this paper is to design a high frequency VCO with a good phase noise performance and low power consumption. This paper presents an improved performance CMOS voltage controlled ring...
For a lot of equipment like industrial equipment, automotive or consumer electrical appliances, embedded computers are widely used. Many computers are embedded in the equipment because it has excellent features and their controls are more complex. Recently, general purpose microcomputer has been made to have multicore CPUs to achieve high performance. Multicore CPU is also expected to be used widely...
This article aims to present the design of a 4.5- V, 450-mA low drop-out (LDO) voltage linear regulator based on a two-stage cascoded operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) as error amplifier. The aforementioned two-stage OTA is designed with cascoded current mirroring technique to boost up the output impedance. The proposed OTA has a DC gain of 101 dB under no load condition. The designed reference...
This paper gives an idea about Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) implementation to a DC-DC Boost Converter for a Photovoltaic (PV) system to track Maximum Power Point (MPP). SMC implementation meets three steps (i) Hitting condition, (ii) Existance condition and (iii) Stability condition. Single diode PV model is designed for lighting applications, and PV output is connected to a Boost converter to regulate...
A High performance linear transconductor has been realized by employing a squaring circuit technique. The transconductor is tunable by adjusting the bias voltage, and suitable for application to highly linear continuous-time filters. Experimental results show that the nonlinearity error of the output current is less than 0.5% for the differential input signals of up to 1.2 V (peak-to-peak) at 23.6...
A novel high speed and tunable transconductor suitable for analog and mixed-signal fuzzy circuits operating in current mode and a high linear MIN circuit are proposed. Using this OTA, we construct are high speed Gaussian and trapezoidal-shaped fuzzifier and implement S-shaped and Z-shaped function with all parameters (slop, width, and position) independently and continuously tunable, and excellent...
A compact configurable voltage reference in a 180 nm CMOS technology dedicated to a wafer-scale prototyping platform for electronic systems is described. The proposed topology is based on a PTAT current generator mixed with CTAT nMOS diode connected transistors to achieve temperature and power supply independency. This new Bandgap reference (BGR) uses a configurable unbalanced differential pair to...
In this paper, the architecture of the Proportional-Integration-Derivative (PID) controller, based on the current-difference amplifier, is presented. This architecture allows to integrate the controller, employing only four active MOS transistors. It also allows obtaining interesting features, such as the low power consumption, and high bandwidth, in spite of the low DC accuracy (offset). In this...
This paper describes a synapse circuit that approximately implements the dynamics of the dopamine (DA) modulated synapse proposed by Izhikevich (2007). The dynamics of the model, based on ‘eligibility traces’ generated according to a spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) rule, ensure that causal pre-/post- synaptic spiking activity in the time preceding the reward, signaled by DA, leads to strengthening...
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