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It is becoming increasingly clear that there are unique sets of miRNAs that have distinct governing roles in several aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, new tools allow selective modulation of the expression of individual miRNAs, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how miRNAs drive the activity of immune cells, and how...
Stem cells belong to a unique class of cells that is collectively responsible for the development and subsequent maintenance of all tissues comprising multicellular organisms. These cells possess unique characteristics that allow them to remain in a pluripotent state, while also continuing to generate differentiated cells. microRNAs, a specialized class of non-coding RNAs, are integral components...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various aspects of gene expression in physiology and development. Links between miRNAs and the initiation and progression of human diseases are becoming increasingly apparent. The development of methods to detect the subcellular and tissue localization of miRNAs is essential for understanding their biological role in homeostasis. In this...
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA which suppress target gene expression. miRNAs are involved in most physiological and pathological process, including carcinogenesis. miRNA expression profiles help to improve lung cancer diagnosis, classification and prognostic information. Tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs have been discovered and their functions have been investigated. Emphasis...
Background: Both pleiotropic and ubiquitous, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert control over a wide range of cellular functions. They have been detected in virtually every extracellular fluid in the mammalian body, and many circulate substantial anatomical distances in plasma. Thus, secreted miRNAs are valuable not only as diagnostic tools but also may serve as novel biological effectors that can be transmitted...
This article reviews the current strategies and challenges of diagnosing pancreatic cystic lesions, and presents an overview of molecular tools that are available to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Specifically, we highlight the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic markers. miRNA signatures have been reported for both solid tissue and biofluid specimens, including cyst fluid, collected from...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (19–25 nucleotides long) that regulate expression of multiple target genes, predominantly by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, resulting either in translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs are found in many bodily fluids, including plasma and serum, and are protected from degradation in...
The heart is one of the most important vital organs, and any malfunctioning of the heart and its blood vessels may contribute to cardiovascular disorders. Diseases of the cardiovascular system represent the most common cause of human morbidity and mortality around the globe. Thus, there is always a need for innovative new therapies and diagnostics for cardiovascular disorders. In the past decades,...
Recent evidences indicate that epigenetic changes play an important role in the transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression that characterizes cardiac hypertrophy and failure and may dictate response to therapy. Several data demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles both in normal cardiac function and under pathological conditions. Here we assessed, in in vivo rat models of myocardial...
Cardiovascular calcification, manifested by coronary artery calcification and aortic valve stenosis, is a widespread condition that is becoming more common with the aging of the general population. No disease-modifying therapies currently exist for any forms of cardiovascular calcification. A number of similarities exist between pathological calcification in cardiovascular tissue and physiological...
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