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This paper describes a direct coupled neural amplifier with active electrode offset suppression in order to avoid large coupling capacitors and complex chopper circuits. It describes a novel feedback scheme, where a low pass current mode feedback is applied to a regulated telescopic cascode amplifer, at the cascode nodes by using a modified transconductance block. This solution leads to fully differential...
This paper describes the development of an array of individually addressable pH sensitive microneedles using injection moulding and their integration within a portable device for real-time wireless recording of pH distributions in biological samples. The fabricated microneedles are subjected to gold patterning followed by electrodeposition of iridium oxide to sensitize them to 0.07 units of pH change...
We demonstrate a diagnostics platform which integrates an ISFET array and a temperature control loop for isothermal DNA detection. The controller maintains a temperature of 63°C to perform nucleic acid amplification which is detected by the on-chip sensors. The 32×32 ISFET array is first calibrated to cancel trapped charge and then measures the change in the pH of the reaction. The sensor data is...
The use of high frequencies within the body is commonplace for treatment and imaging, but, other than a few examples very little exists in terms of RF sensors and for communication deep into the body. This paper will give an overview of an RF powered implantable blood pressure sensor for continuous monitoring and in doing so demonstrate the use of RF within the body.
The use of high frequencies within the body is commonplace for treatment and imaging, but, other than a few examples very little exists in terms of RF sensors and for communication deep into the body. This paper will give an overview of an RF powered implantable blood pressure sensor for continuous monitoring and in doing so demonstrate the use of RF within the body.
People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) rely on exogenous insulin in order to bring blood glucose levels back to healthy levels after a meal. The amount of bolus insulin needed depends on various parameters and recent research has been focused on providing decision support for calculating clinically safe insulin doses. In this demonstration we present a mobile ‘Advanced Bolus Calculator for Diabetes’ for...
This paper presents an AC-coupled instrumentation amplifier for electroneurogram (ENG) activity recording. For this design, we evaluate gain and noise requirements based on interference sources (electrodes, power line, EMG). The circuit has been implemented in a commercially-available 0.35µm CMOS technology with total power consumption 460µW. The amplifier achieves CMRR 107 dB and integrated input...
This paper presents a novel scalable readout-converter operating in weak inversion with a least significant bit resolution of 0.015pH change. The readout-converter eliminates the effect of temperature on measurements and suppresses the influence of sensing membrane buffer capacity as well as the transistor slope factor variation when in weak inversion. With the ISFET floating-gate resetting, there...
This paper presents a novel readout circuit for ionic concentration change measurement overcoming the non-linear effects of the Ion-sensitive Field-effect Transistor. The readout periodically resets the ISFET biasing and integrates its signal change around a certain operating point utilising a switched current integrator. This enables a linear approximation of the signal change over time which suppresses...
In-pixel differential measurement with calibration for chemical reaction occurrence detection, particularly for pH-based Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) detection and genotyping arrays is presented. The proposed work adjusts the offset of upto 130mV between the ISFETs and the REFET in a calibration step and cancels out common mode noise by differential pairs with a 63.5dB CMRR. Conventionally...
This paper introduces a CMOS based system that has been designed to allow parallel comparison of fragmented DNA sequences for on-chip assembly. The compatibility of different existing PC-based algorithms for implementation in CMOS is compared and the overlap-layout-consensus approach is found to be the most suitable one. The designed system comprises a scalable processing array capable of parallel...
This paper describes a novel integrated electrode interface for multi-polar stimulation of multi-electrode arrays. This interface allows for simultaneous stimulation using multiple electrodes configured as source or sink with different phase and amplitudes in order to perform field shaping inside the tissue. The system is designed in an high voltage 0.18 µm CMOS process with 8 channels. It features...
In this paper a bio-inspired silicon beta cell implementation based on the phantom bursting model is presented. The advantage of this model is that it can show wider range of bursting behaviour compared to previously implemented models which only exhibit a single type of bursting. This allows for design of a more physiological artificial pancreas. Designed a typical 0.35 µm process, this silicon beta...
We present here a CMOS islet of Langerhans. This circuit mimics the cellular dynamics of the pancreatic alpha and beta cells that control blood glucose levels, through the release of the hormones glucagon and insulin. This system has been designed using human glycemic in vivo blood measurements and mammalian in vitro cell data. This integrated silicon pancreatic islet can form the control algorithm...
This paper presents an ISFET based chemical Gilbert Cell capable of differential measurement of pH signals during thermocycling reactions. Such a process is important for DNA analysis during PCR, with the capability to be applied in Lab-On-Chip (LOC) topologies. The proposed circuit is capable of measuring the difference between two reaction chambers allowing stable drift reduction. The system has...
We present here a robust microfluidic cell perifusion device for in vitro primary tissue cell secretion studies. This system increases the sample concentration to perifusion volume ratio by an order of magnitude compared with standard multi-well plate static incubation assays. Further, this device achieves physiologically relevant flow rates, pressures, and temperature. It has been manufactured with...
Artificial electrical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system is an established therapy for several pathologies and motor impairments. Therapeutic outcomes can be improved with targeted patterns of neural activation, but the required signal amplitudes to achieve this response exceed the limits for safe stimulation. This can lead to electrode corrosion and tissue damage. In this paper, we present...
We demonstrate a CMOS-based lab-on-chip platform for combined magnetic manipulation and opto-chemical sensing. Each pixel of the 8×8 array integrates a Programmable Gate (PG) ISFET chemical sensor and an active pixel sensor, encompassed within an inductive coil. The system can be used for simultaneous optical imaging and pH sensing, and includes an auto-calibration mechanism for eliminating sensor...
This paper describes a mixed signal subsystem for the inductive transfer of power and data to a fully-implantable medical device. The design includes circuits for the inductive power recovery and energy storage (charging), in addition to data recovery and demodulation. The data link is used to upload (at a data rate of up to 180Kbps) calibration and configuration data to the implanted device and integrates...
In this paper, we present a novel, ultra-long-time-constant analogue integrator for a PID controller in Lab-on-Chip (LOC) applications. A time constant of up to 5 seconds is achievable using a capacitance of only 18pF by exploiting transconductance reduction techniques involving current splitting and gm-attenuated OTA. Additionally, this architecture provides the ability to digitally tune the time...
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