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Circulating blood carotenoids have long been accepted as the most accurate biomarker of total fruit and vegetable intake. Recent technological developments have led to a novel optical detection method of carotenoids in living human tissue, allowing for a non-invasive and rapid method to assess fruit and vegetable intake. Future technological advances to increase sensitivity and molecular specificity,...
Expired breath δ13CO2 measured in real time serves as a useful biomarker of altered macronutrient metabolism in response to changes in energy balance. Altered breath δ13CO2 is believed to be a result of changes in macronutrient oxidation and the kinetic isotope effect where enzymatic processes discriminate against metabolites naturally enriched with 13C. Use of breath δ13CO2 as a rapid biofeedback...
Quantification of energy storage is essential in understanding energy balance and can be determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Here, we have developed a smartphone form factor multi-frequency BIA device that incorporates an analog front end for body composition measurements. The device was compared against a reference gel-electrode based BIA system in a clinical trial of 311 subjects...
This paper presents a novel disposable emulsion droplet generation lab chip driven by vacuum module for monodisperse emulsions generation and blood cell encapsulation. Emulsion droplet is a powerful tool in miniaturized analysis systems for high throughput processing. It shows great potential in chemical and biological reactions like speeding up the reaction and reducing the cost of reagents. Most...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of visual loss in working age adults in the United States and other developed countries worldwide. Previous studies have reported hemodynamic changes in the diabetic eye that precede clinically evident pathological alterations of the retinal microvasculature. There exists a pressing need for new methods to allow greater understanding of these early...
Patients with Parkinson's disease often experience significant changes in the severity of dyskinesia when they undergo titration of their medications. Dyskinesia is marked by involuntary jerking movements that occur randomly in a burst-like fashion. The burst-like nature of such movements makes it difficult to estimate the clinical scores of severity of dyskinesia using wearable sensors. Clinical...
In this work, we present an accelerometry-based device for robust running speed estimation integrated into a watch-like device. The estimation is based on inertial data processing, which consists in applying a leg-and-arm dynamic motion model to 3D accelerometer signals. This motion model requires a calibration procedure that can be done either on a known distance or on a constant speed period. The...
Heart rate variability (HRV) provides significant information about the health status of an individual. Optical heart rate monitoring is a comfortable alternative to ECG based heart rate monitoring. However, most available optical heart rate monitoring devices do not supply beat-to-beat detection accuracy required by proper HRV analysis. We evaluate the beat-to-beat detection accuracy of a recent...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral asymmetry index (SASI) for discrimination of the effect of negative and positive emotions on human brain bioelectrical activity. SASI has been previously proposed as a method to detect depression based on the balance of EEG theta and beta frequency band powers. Emotions were evoked on 22 healthy subjects...
Heart rate tracking from a wrist-type photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal during intensive physical activities is a challenge that is attracting more attention thanks to the introduction of wrist-worn wearable computers. Commonly-used motion artifact rejection methods coupled with simple periodicity-based heart rate estimation techniques are incapable of achieving satisfactory heart rate tracking performance...
Three dimensional (3D) limb motion trajectory is predictable with a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI). To date, most non-invasive motion trajectory prediction BCIs use potential values of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals as the input to a multiple linear regression (mLR) based kinetic data estimator. We investigated the possible improvement in accuracy of 3D hand movement prediction...
All ECG processing algorithms start with heart beat detection, making the reliability of this step crucial for the quality of the whole interpretation. This paper presents a regression-based QRS detector that is robust to singular outliers and high frequency noise present in real signals. Our algorithm consists of three steps: best fitted segments are determined in sliding windows of two different...
Computational methods are increasingly utilised in many immunoinformatics problems such as the prediction of binding affinity of peptides. The peptides could provide valuable insight into the drug design and development such as vaccines. Moreover, they can be used to diagnose diseases. The presence of human class I MHC allele HLA-B*2705 is one of the strong hypothesis that would lead spondyloarthropathies...
In recent years, the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies provided an effective way to generate data from entire genomes and test variants from thousands of individuals. The information acquired from analysing the data generated from high-throughput sequencing technologies provided useful insights into applications like whole-exome sequencing and targeted sequencing to discover the...
This review of various applications of well-established thin-film processing techniques to wearable body sensors gives examples of work done in the author's laboratory over many years. Sensors for the vital signs of body temperature, electrocardiogram, heart rate, breathing pattern and breathing rate are presented along with other applications. Thin-film based sensors have the advantage of small size,...
Results of recent research suggest that there may be a relationship between the eating rate and the total energy intake in a meal. The chewing rate is an indicator of the eating rate that may be measured by a sensor. A number of wearable solutions have been presented for the automatic detection of chewing, but little work has been done on counting chews automatically. With recent developments in printing...
Due to its high temporal resolution, electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising research tool for studying functional and effective brain interaction. Yet, it is rather uncommon for researchers to validate their connectivity estimation methodologies prior to applying them to real data, even though problems have been pointed out regarding the validity of some of the predominant approaches. We here...
Optical functional imaging methods such as calcium imaging have become a powerful tool for investigating neural activity in-vivo. Here, we present a design for a titanium implantable chamber with transparent silicone artificial dura which enables two-photon calcium imaging in non-human primates. This chamber accommodates imaging with high numerical aperture multiphoton objective lenses, and remains...
Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between neural oscillations of different frequencies plays a crucial role in cognitive processing. Assessing the PAC at both sensor and source levels may encounter the problem of spurious coupling because of the volume conduction, field spread, and source leakage. This paper presents a novel method, beamformer-based imaging of PAC (BIPAC), to estimate PAC between sources...
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