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Nonlinear Filtered‐X LMS (NLFXLMS) is an indirect adaptive control algorithm for nonlinear active noise control (NANC) system. The algorithm has been developed for both Hammerstein and Wiener secondary paths where the nonlinearity is represented by scaled error function (SEF) and tangential hyperbolic function (THF). NLFXLMS algorithm is limited in practical application because the degree of nonlinearity...
Sports training is very important to athletes in improving and maintaining their performances. It commonly involves high intensity exercise and requires longer time for fatigue to recover, compares to normal activity. During training, adequate rest is essential to allow recuperation and build body strength. Unfortunately, inadequate rest exposes the body to prolonged fatigue (PF). Hence, this condition...
High quality of surface electromyography is vital during investigation on muscle activity. Low quality of surface EMG signals causes extracted signals to be inaccurate and lead to misinterpretation and misclassification of the signals. A surface EMG signal quality is determined by the ratio of muscle contraction to its baseline during muscle relaxation period. Baseline noises are originated from powerline,...
Ability of wavelet transform in accessing time and frequency information at the same time make it widely used in analyzing bio-signals like electromyography (EMG). Discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and stationary wavelet transform (SWT) are examples of analysis based on wavelet. Both analyses are based on decomposition technique and splitting signals into few frequency band. The different is DWT will...
Electromyography (EMG) is one of the indirect tools in indexing fatigue. Fatigue can be detected when there are changes on amplitude and frequency. However, various outcomes from literature make researchers conclude that EMG is not a reliable tool to measure fatigue. This paper investigates EMG behavior of biceps femoris in median frequency and mean absolute value during five days of Bruce Protocol...
Electromyography is one of the tools to measure fatigue indirectly. Widely research on electromyography and fatigue have been done include onset of fatigue and transition of fatigue during physical activity. The investigation not focusing on the muscle only, but other physiological indicator also involved to see the correlation. However, the information of electromyography behavior after activity...
Fault diagnosis of induction machine can be achieved through wavelet packet analysis to acquire information about its stability and mutability. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of applying wavelet packet transform based on the sideband components, (1 ± 2ks)fs, for broken rotor fault detection in induction machines. The wavelet-based method decomposes stator current signal into effective...
Each nerves and muscles of human body will generate potentials, voltages, and electrical field strength and known as bio signals such as electrocardiograph (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electrooculogram (EOG). The signals may be acquired through non-invasive surface Ag/Ag Cl applications although the generated signals exist in very low levels of voltages. All the bio...
Fatigue detection through electromyography analysis has been in use since 1912 when it was discovered by H. Piper. Until now, there has been much research on muscle fatigue through electromyography, both invasively and non-invasively. There are evolutions of the electromyography based approach to detect fatigue in various aspects including methodology, analysis, application and the evaluation of fatigue...
Recording of biopotential signals is uneasy as interference and noise can come from the preparation of the subject, environment setting and other biological signal. The circuit design in acquisition system must good and meets specification as is not distort original signal and safe to patient. Classic design of biosignal acquisition system usually use third electrode as reference potential. The third...
The purpose of this paper is to explore the ability of the system identification technique in detecting a specific gas at a constant concentration level by a single sensor. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor is used due to its wide range of applicability in gas monitoring systems. Using the Batch computer method, 115 outputs were recorded with sampling time of 0.57 Sec at a concentration level...
The paper aims to introduce a method for the analytical formulation of the integral square error (ISE). In this manner, the aim of the research is to create a parametric solution of the ISE for linear continuous feedback control systems while the closed-loop system is stable and the difference between reference and output, or error, is strictly proper. The potential advantage of this technique is...
In this paper, one helicopter model with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) is controlled by fuzzy sliding mode control with boundary layer (FSMC-BL) while exposed to disturbance. The model is a nonlinear and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system that requires a MIMO, robust, stable, and nonlinear control to reject the disturbance. These requirements have been satisfied by SMC. In this paper, boundary...
The detection performance of maritime radars is restricted by the unwanted sea echo or clutter. Although the number of these target-like data is small, they may cause false alarm and perturb the target detection. K-distribution is known as the best fit probability density function for the radar sea clutter. This paper proposes a novel approach to estimate the parameters of K-distribution, based on...
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