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A wireless electrolysis-based drug delivery system with integrated electrochemical dosing sensors suitable for management of chronic conditions is presented. Repeatable delivery performance for identical and variable bolus volumes and flow rates of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was demonstrated. Successful delivery and sensing of 17.75 ± 0.48 µL boluses (1.78% of reservoir fill volume) of lidocaine...
A wirelessly-operated implantable site specific drug delivery micropump with on-demand control of dosing for chronic infusion applications in small laboratory animals is presented. The system includes an electrolysis-based actuator, refillable drug reservoir, wireless powering, and a check valve. Micropumps were fabricated, assembled, and tested in simulated in vivo conditions. As expected, power...
Rodents are the most widely used animal model in the study of human disease and drug administration technologies suitable for use in rodents are therefore critically important in the development of new treatments. Implantable drug delivery devices provide site specific and controlled drug administration while eliminating frequent handling, tethers, and stress induction associated with other drug delivery...
We present a rapid (1 day), modular, high-yield (∼90%) fabrication process for Parylene C bellows and their mechanical characterization. Load-deflection testing was performed on bellows of varying convolution numbers (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) and compared to both finite element modeling (FEM) simulations and an analytical model based on membrane deflection theory. Bellows produced a consistent load response...
For the first time, rapid and repeatable delivery of precise drug boluses (up to 40 15-second boluses of 19.12 ± 0.73 µL cocaine within 50 minutes) is achieved with a high efficiency MEMS electrolysis actuator. Gas bubble recombination parameters and drug viscosity were investigated. Nafion®-coated electrodes provided superior pumping performance (linearity and repeatability) compared to uncoated...
A wirelessly-actuated high efficiency Nafion®-coated MEMS electrochemical actuator is presented. For the first time, high flow rates were achieved (up to 141μL/min, 13mA) under wireless operation and high efficiency pumping (up to 97%) was obtained with Nafion®-coated electrodes; coating further prevented previously reported current-induced damage to electrodes [1]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy...
We present the first electrochemical actuator with Parylene bellows for large-deflection operation. The bellows diaphragm was fabricated using a polyethylene-glycol-based sacrificial molding technique followed by coating in Parylene C. Bellows were mechanically characterized and integrated with a pair of interdigitated electrodes to form an electrochemical actuator that is suitable for low-power pumping...
Advanced devices capable of selective delivery of compounds to targeted tissues are lacking, especially in small animal research. Biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS) are uniquely suited to this application through the combination of scalability and precise control of fluid handling. Polymer-based drug delivery components and pumps for acute and chronic delivery in small animals are...
The first electrochemical actuator with a parylene bellows for intraocular drug delivery is presented in which the bellows separates the electrolysis actuation chamber from the drug reservoir. The parylene bellows was fabricated using a novel polyethylene glycol (PEG)-molding process and mechanically characterized. Optimization of the gas generation efficiency of the actuators was performed. We achieved...
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