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The ANTAR domain harnesses RNA‐binding activity to promote transcription attenuation. Although several ANTAR proteins have been analyzed by high‐resolution structural analyses, the residues involved in RNA‐recognition and transcription attenuation have not been identified. Nor is it clear how signal‐responsive domains are allosterically coupled with ANTAR domains for control of gene expression. Herein,...
In this paper, we describe a design and characterization flow to accurately extract the performance of high-speed devices, integrated in Silicon-based technologies. An EM-based technique to accurately derive the characteristic impedance of transmission lines embedded in lossy and multilayered substrates, is described. Further, this technique is employed to characterize lower metal levels transmission...
A two-stage D-band differential cascode power amplifier is presented, integrated using the IHP 0.13 pm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A compact layout of the cascode stage is proposed to minimize the parasitics contributing to potential instability, achieving 13 dB of gain/stage while operating at 46% of fT, using stage peaking. The PA is analyzed using Booth chart techniques showing that the amplifier can...
The design and performance analysis are presented for a passive uncooled radiometer pixel suitable for integration in 28nm CMOS technology. In the configuration a single wideband antenna, operating from 200 GHz to 600 GHz, is connected to a pn-junction diode. Including the antenna-detector impedance mismatch, the detector shows an average NEP of 2.71 pW/√Hz such that, together with the antenna, the...
In this contribution we describe the accuracy improvement achievable using a vector corrected, power calibrated test-bench when measuring mm-wave non-linear devices. The absence of automatic level control in commercially available network analyzer frequency extenders can result in AM distortion of the transfer characteristic. Moreover, when largesignal mm-wave test-benches are employed (i.e., using...
The international community agrees that the safe operation of civilian nuclear infrastructure is in every population’s best interest. One challenge each government must address is defining and agreeing to a set of acceptable norms of behavior in cyberspace as they relate to these facilities. The introduction of digital systems and networking technologies into these environments has led to the possibility...
A fabrication technology to realize THz microstrip lines and passive circuit components is developed and tested making use of a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNx) dielectric membrane. We use 2 μm thick SiNx and 300 nm thick gold layers on sapphire substrates. We fabricate a set of structures for thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, with the reflection standard...
In this paper we present a high sensitivity total power radiometer front-end integrated in a 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The radiometer consists of a two-stage LNA co-integrated with a common-emitter square-law detector. Together these stages provide a peak responsivity of 61 MV/W and a 6 GHz system bandwidth around 56 GHz. An optimized non-50-Ohm impedance interface between the LNA and the detector...
In this paper, we present the characterization and optimization strategy of two mm-wave square-law detectors, fabricated in a 0.25µm SiGe BiCMOS process, namely a common-emitter (CE) and a common-base (CB). The detectors are designed to provide a broadband noise equivalent power (NEP) by optimizing both the bias and the poly-silicon load resistor. Moreover, broadband characterization of un-matched...
In this paper we present a synthetic waveguide integrated in a commercial BiCMOS back-end-of-line, employing artificial dielectrics (ADs) to reduce the component size. The AD is realized by employing floating pillars using the various layers available in the technology, thus fulfilling metal density rule and boosting the effective permittivity of the host medium (i.e., SiO2) to 12.5. The impact of...
Here, we studied the microbiome succession and time-scale variability of four mesophilic anaerobic reactors in a co-digestion study with the objective to find links between changing environmental conditions and the microbiome composition. The changing environmental conditions were ensured by gradual increases in loading rates and mixing ratios of three co-substrates with a constant manure-feeding...
In this contribution we analyze the accuracy improvements of Reciprocal SOL planar calibrations when employing full-wave EM simulation to extract the standard's models. The calibration accuracy is benchmarked with the conventional (polynomial fit) standard definitions as well as with calibration techniques employing standards with partially-unknown parameters, as the LRM. Moreover, an outlook at a...
in this work we analyze, by means of 3D electromagnetic simulations, the accuracy limitations of mm-wave probe-level calibrations. The field coupling of the unshielded probe-wafer transition is the considered source of calibration inaccuracy when changing substrate between calibration and measurements. The problem of calibration transfer is first schematized in terms of error box analysis. After,...
This contribution presents the development of an integrated power combiner in Bi-CMOS technology employing artificial dielectric layers (ADLs) at submillimeter wave frequencies. The power is gathered from frequency multiplier chains into a single waveguide which is loaded with ADL in order to reduce the structure footprint.
This contribution presents the development of medium range flexible propagation waveguides for next generation wired data systems at millimeter and sub-millimeter wave frequencies.
In this contribution we review the challenges and possible solutions to achieve accurate s-parameters and power calibration in the (sub)mm-wave bands. A numerical and experimental analysis of multimode propagation over co-planar transmission lines, used during the calibration process, is described. The losses and coupling effects arising from the unwanted propagating modes are analysed by means of...
In this contribution we present a frequency scalable approach to achieve an accurate power control for levelled s-parameters and large signal characterization of devices working at millimeter and sub-millimeter waves. The method is based on a software-aided control loop that mimics the behavior of an automatic level control system, allowing to dynamically adjust the power delivered to the DUT at every...
In this paper, we present a simplified calibration procedure to obtain on-wafer power levelled s-parameters when employing VNA extender modules. The approach presented removes the required calibration at the module interface (i.e., waveguide), by assuming symmetry in the tracking terms of the error coefficient and only requiring an on-wafer calibration and the knowledge of the two port s-parameters...
In this contribution, we propose the use of artificially engineered dielectrics to enhance the front to back ratio of an on-chip printed antenna at 300 GHz. These artificial dielectrics (AD) are anisotropic in nature and are realized by introducing periodic metallic inclusions in the host substrate. Due to the anisotropy and the small physical thickness of this equivalent medium, surface wave efficiency...
Artificial dielectrics (ADs) are composed of periodic electrically small metallic structures embedded in a host material in order to increase its equivalent relative permittivity. ADs have been extensively studied and used for decades for radar development. Recently, there is an renewed interest in planar ADs, driven by the ever increasing demand for high efficiency silicon integrated antennas (K...
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