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In this paper, we consider a wireless point-to-point communication in the context of battery powered embedded systems with energy harvesting equipment. The successive actions taken by the transmitter constitutes the policy that it follows. In the first stage, we suppose a limited knowledge of the system behavior characterized by its probability transition matrix, and then use the policy iteration...
In this paper, a fully BiCMOS integrated microfluidic technology platform for Lab-on Chip (LoC) applications is presented. Fusion bonding and adhesive bonding techniques are applied to realize a 3-wafer-stack integration. A glass wafer is used on top of the BiCMOS wafer and the Si channel wafer to enable simultaneous optical and electrical measurements. An alignment accuracy of less than 1 µm between...
Urban mobility has become one of the most challenging issue in urban centers. As a consequence, traffic congestion has become a daily problem. Several Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) have been proposed to improve overall traffic efficiency. However, these systems inefficiently exchange traffic information, which can lead to network overload. In order to overcome the mobility problem and...
We consider a multiuser wireless system with a full-duplex hybrid access point (HAP) that transmits to a set of users in the downlink channel, while receiving data from a set of energy-constrained sensors in the uplink channel. We assume that the HAP is equipped with a massive antenna array, while all users and sensor nodes have a single antenna. We adopt a time-switching protocol where in the first...
In this paper, we introduce a novel acoustic-inertial navigation system (AINS) for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). We are aiming to reduce the cost and latency of current underwater navigation systems that typically employ high-accuracy and thus high-cost inertial sensors. In particular, the proposed approach efficiently fuses the acoustic observations from a 2D imaging sonar and the inertial...
This paper proposes an efficient interactive model for sensor-cloud integration to enable the sensor-cloud to provide on-demand sensing services for multiple applications with different latency requirements at the same time. In the model, we design an aggregation mechanism for the sensor-cloud to aggregate application requests so that workloads required for constrained sensor nodes are minimized to...
This paper presents an electrochemical seismometer with parylene based microelectrodes for detecting micro seismic signals. Compared to silicon based counterpart, parylene based microelectrodes can effectively decrease the thickness of the insulating layer, which contributes to the increase in sensitivity and decrease in cost. The proposed electrochemical seismometer was designed, fabricated and characterized,...
We studied the current-voltage characteristics of percolating networks of silicon nanowires (nanonets), operated in transistor mode, with back-gate biasing. These devices featured P-type field-effect characteristics suitable for future use as sensors. It was found that a Lambert W function-based compact model could be used for parameter extraction of electrical parameters such as effective low field...
In this paper we propose a new front-end for resonating sensors which is based on a logic inverter working as amplifier. The front-end is compact and auto-zeroing which makes it a good candidate for integration and for low power applications. It has been simulated in AMS-350nm CMOS Technology and a prototype has been fabricated using discrete components on a PCB. The circuit was tested with a BvD...
The proposed MEMS-technology viscosity sensor solves two major drawbacks associated with current state of the art MEMS viscosity sensors, such as: (1) Functional complexity and integration of external components for actuation and subsequent data acquisition; (2) Fabrication incompatibilities with CMOS processes. The proposed solution is based on thermally induced actuation, subsequent vibrations of...
The article examines physical principles, conceptual design and fabrication of integrated pressure transducer manufactured by means of microelectronic technology — MEMS and its optimization questions. Spatial distribution of the intrinsic stress caused by the transducer manufacturing and its current heating by supply current was studied by the method of modulation polarimetry.
In many scenarios of interest, agents may only have access to partial information about an unknown model or target vector. Each agent may be sensing only a subset of the entries of a global target vector, and the number of these entries can be different across the agents. If each of the agents were to solve an inference task independently of the other agents, then they would not benefit from neighboring...
An effective method is proposed to estimate the desired-signal (S) subspace by the intersection between the signal-plus-interference (SI) subspace and a reference space covering the angular region where the desired signal is located. The estimated S subspace is robust to steering vector mismatch and overestimation of the SI subspace, capable of detecting the relative strength of the desired signal...
This paper presents a study on the structural rigidity of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) implemented using the Folded MEMS approach. For such folded structures, environmental survivability and stability is a natural concern. We investigated IMUs of 35 mm3 (small) and 130 mm3 (medium) in volume, in the shape of a cube and a pyramid, and considered the reinforcement methods, including epoxy, eutectic...
This paper presents for the first time the design and characterization of an ultra-compact 3-axis roll-pitch-yaw gyroscope which employs a single vibrational element with a torsional drive mode and a multi-directional sense modes. Implemented in wafer-level Epitaxial Silicon Encapsulation (Epi-Seal) process, device occupies an area of 1.2 mm2. Initial characterization reported in this paper includes...
In this paper, we investigate channel sensing and power control problems in a cluster-based cognitive radio wireless sensor network (CRWSN). We first propose three channel sensing algorithms to solve the channel sensing problem including availability constraints. Then a joint channel sensing and power control scheme (JCSPCS) is proposed to solve the power control problem including quality of service...
Process variation is a conspicuous predicament for sub-micron VLSI circuits. In this paper, we illustrate “choke points” as a vital consequence of process variation in the Near Threshold Computing (NTC) domain. Choke points are process variation affected sensitized logic gates with increased delay deviation. They dominate the choice of critical paths postfabrication. To mitigate the timing errors...
This work reports the patterning of high aspect aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) for nanowall hollows and capacitive resonators by deep reactive ion etching (deep RIE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Nanowall hollows with 50 nm in thickness and 15 μm in height as well as smooth surfaces have been achieved and the aspect ratio of their height-to-width is as high as 300. Suspended AZO capacitive resonators...
This paper presents a new method for testing materials at the microscale at high temperature under bending in-situ in SEM. The proposed method consists of a straining stage with built-in force and displacement sensors attached to a heating stage inside the SEM. The sample is co-fabricated with the stage to eliminate any misalignment error. The method is applied to test the strength of single crystal...
One of the major functions of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is to provide the coverage to the network area. Many critical applications require different levels of coverage in the different parts of the network area which is generally called differential coverage. Providing differential coverage service in different period of time is a challenging due to the limited capabilities of the network nodes...
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