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Generally,the bursting firing pattern of action potential has higher transmission efficiency compared with the consecutive firing pattern in the same average frequency condition.Recently,some articles about the synapse short-term plasticity have shown that there are different mechanism to form short-term plasticity in different presynaptic firing frequency condition probably.This makes us to question...
Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI), a non-damage physical therapy, which has been used clinically for decades of years, was shown to promote cell proliferation and prevent apoptosis. Apoptosis is a contributing pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether LPLI could prevent apoptosis in AD model is not clear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that LPLI...
Endotoxin-induced brain lesion (EIBL) is commonly encountered in clinic. However, the pathological mechanism of EIBL has not yet been fully clarified. Endotoxin (gram-negative cell wall lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is a major factor resulting in brain lesion. The papers showed that the LPS-induced brain lesion will activate the endogenous protective mechanism in the Pathological process of ischemia and...
To enable rigorous and reliable modeling of functional mechanisms of membrane proteins, the computational modeling and simulation approaches must take advantage, to the fullest extent possible, of the wealth of data obtained experimentally. This type of information makes it possible not only to construct rigorous molecular models and quantitative representations of function, but also to test, verify...
Clozapine and its four related drugs (olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone) are the most frequently used treatments for schizophrenia in the world. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the features of these five drugs through their related genes at the pathway level. For each drug, we first identified pathways that the drugs might be involved...
Oxidative stress has contributed a lot towards neurodegenerative diseases such as the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. One of the main factors of oxidative stress is reactive oxygen species (ROS). This research aimed to determine both the possible neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of herbal extracts (designated as NHA56). This tablet-form medicine was claimed to be effective against muscle...
Sphingolipids are structural elements of cell membrane and have an important role in signal transmission as second messengers of the cell. Ceramide, which is an important sphingolipid, causes cellular differentiation or apoptosis by activating intracellular enzymes with the influence of extracellular stimulants. Because of these characteristics, it is considered that ceramide is an essential molecule...
It's a well known fact that Diphtheria Toxin (DT) causes myocarditis in heart and demyelination in nervous system. DT causes dead via heart attack as a result that DT inhibits protein synthesis in heart muscles by generating mitochondrial damage. Although it's known that DT causes damages in all tissues, the mechanism of it is not clear. In this study, together with some specific antioxidants the...
In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to electromagnetic pulse(EMP) on the functional integrity of the BBB and, on the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein (occludin, ZO-1) in rats. Animals were whole body exposed or sham exposed to EMP at 200 kV/m for 400 pulses. The permeability of BBB was examined using Evans Blue (EB) as vascular tracer. The expression of the level of TJ proteins...
SDF-1α has been implicated in the post-traumatic neuroinflammatory cascade. We quantified the effect of SDF-1α on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that the SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis can be manipulated so that the proliferative capacity of this chemokine can be separated and controlled. We have successfully modulated the proliferative activity of SDF-1α by preventing its binding...
Three-dimensional (3D) nervous tissue constructs were developed using a compliant gel matrix and a fiber component for promoting contact-guided axon outgrowth. Rat embryonic (E15) dorsal root ganglion expiants (DRGs) were cultured on biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and wet-spun type I collagen fibers embedded in soft collagen gels. Gel constructs containing fibers induced greater axon outgrowth...
Several key biological mechanisms of traumatic injury to axons are being elucidated using in vitro stretch injury models. However, these models are based on the experimentation of single cultures keeping productivity slow. Indeed, low yield has hindered important and well-founded investigations requiring high throughput methods such as proteomic analyses. To meet this need, we engineered a multi-well...
Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) electrode arrays were tested for their potential application in recording neuro-chemical activity. Because the electrodes are carbon-based, these arrays have potential advantages over metal electrodes and could enable a variety of future applications as precise, informative, and biocompatible neural interfaces. Dopamine (DA) concentrations were recorded...
This paper describes an implantable system prototype capable of delivering optical intensities and modulation patterns suitable to therapeutically modulate neural networks. It leverages the emerging "optogenetic" interface paradigm for exciting or inhibiting neural activity with the advantages of genetically targeted stimulation and enhanced MRI/EMI compatibility.
Improving risk assessment to provide evidence for preventative intervention has recently become more of a focus in cardiovascular medicine with atherosclerosis as an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease. The total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio is often used an atherogenic index. High levels of the TC/HDL ratio also affect nervous system function and this study investigated...
Circadian rhythms dictate our daily schedules in behaviour and physiology, and disruptions of normal circadian cycles therefore have potential to cause disorders of diverse physiological processes. A fundamental characteristic of circadian timing is the ability of the clockwork to be entrained by environmental time cues. In this paper, we mainly focus on the light-modulated dynamics in a novel model...
The clinical target of this study is intrauterine patch coverage of fetal myelomeningocele. We propose a new surgical robotic system for intrauterine fetal surgery with patch-stabilizer and laser manipulator. The target disease of the fetal surgery is spina bifida or myelomeningocele, which is incomplete closure in the spinal column and one of the common fetal diseases. In the fetal surgery, the collagen...
Any manipulation to natural sensory input has direct effects on the morphology and physiology of the Central Nervous System. In the particular case of amputations, sensory areas of the brain undergo degenerative processes with a marked reduction in neuronal activity and global disinhibition. This is probably due to a deregulation of the circuits devoted to the control of the cortical activity. These...
The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility to obtain stable bioactive coatings for polyimide/platinum neural interfaces based on thin film technology for applications into the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Laminin (LI), a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, which guides and promotes differentiation and growth of neurons, was selected to deposit bioactive coatings. Dip-coating...
Neural stimulation and recording with high spatiotemporal precision is desirable for studying the real time cellular basis of neural circuits, as well as developing possible therapeutic treatments for neurological diseases. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing the light sensitive ion channel protein Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) and Halorhodopsin (NpHR) has recently been reported...
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