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Resonances degrade the product's EMI or immunity performance at resonance frequencies. Near field scanning techniques, like EMI scanning or susceptibility scanning determine the local behaviour, but fail to connect the local behaviour to the system level behaviour. Resonating structures form part of the coupling paths, i.e., identifying them will aid in understanding system level behaviour of products...
In this paper a new structure has been proposed to fit six antennas into a compact package. The six antennas can be divided into two sets. Each set of three antennas provide hemisphere coverage with three orthogonal polarizations. By using a back-to-back arrangement, the antenna can cover the whole sphere. A prototype of such bidirectional system has been manufactured for experimental measurement...
In this paper a test method is proposed to assess the performance, characterise, measure and then model the high frequency impedance of simple mechanical ground contacts that are used within mobile phones. A simple test fixture is defined that allows the ground contact attenuation performance between 2 ports to be measured over a wide frequency range. A simulation model for the test fixture and ground...
Product ESD testing per CISPR test requirements specifies direct and/or indirect ESD injection to the outside of the chassis of the product under test or to a vertical or horizontal coupling plane. In this paper additional ESD testing to insure customer satisfaction with large systems is discussed. Two additional ESD test methods are discussed with test locations internal to the normal external shield...
Narrow bipolar events refer to a distinct type of in-cloud lightning discharge which produces electric field of bipolar and impulse in nature. In this presentation narrow bipolar events were considered as the discharge of the pocket charge to the charge layer inside thundercloud, and the current wave-shape possibly responsible for the narrow bipolar electromagnetic field was featured by two channel-conducting-state...
In order to solve the engineering construction problem of lightning protection in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, based on the soil characteristics in plateau permafrost regions, Zhongguang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Group set up an earthing test base in Balang mountain, the permafrost condition of which is very similar to that of Qinghai-Tibet railway. Field tests of reducing...
The setup and the pulse generator for automotive component ESD testing are defined in the standard ISO 10605. Usually the DUT is placed directly on a horizontal coupling plane (HCP) or on a dissipative mat and the ESD generator is discharged via the DUT pins applying different charging voltages. The variance of test results in automotive ESD testing is high and one can not be sure if the components...
This paper analyzed the electromagnetic disturbances in the driving system of a fuel cell bus. First, the distribution of the disturbance source in the driving system surveyed by measurement was introduced. Then, the characteristics of the conductive emission were presented. Based on the multiconductor transmission line model, the paper analyzed the electromagnetic conductive interference in the driving...
Plasma is used as a shielding material in special applications where instantaneous tuneable shielding is required. Most of the analysis in the past treats non-magnetic plasma as a uniform medium with complex permittivity, which is not true due to the sustaining current that is needed to keep the plasma alive. The externally applied electric field causes anisotropic permittivity of plasma, and thus...
Through-hole vias made of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are simulated using the multiconductor and equivalent single conductor models. The circuit approach is developed in order to define an equivalent lumped-parameter SPICE-model. Different expressions of the p.u.l. damping quantum resistance are considered and their impact on the prediction of the via performance at high frequency is discussed...
The tolerance level of the induced-lightning and the trip-out rate of applying different lightning protection measures on 10 kV lines are gotten by emulating in ATPDraw and calculating. Though researching the destiny of the installation of post-arrester, the conclusion is reached that it's no obvious effect on reducing lightning trip-out rate to place post-arresters at intervals. Only if arresters...
This paper contains some observations on the application of a ray-launching based simulator for radio-wave propagation in reverberation chambers. The purpose of this article is to enumerate and emphasize how different factors assumed in simulations influence the achieved results.
A co-design method for the dual-band low noise amplifier (LNA) and band-pass filter (BPF) is presented in this paper. After the dual-band BPF and two single-band LNAs are designed separately by the traditional method, the two single-band matching networks (MNs) of the LNAs are transformed into one dual-band MN. Further, the dual-band MN and BPF are combined into the dual-band filtering MN, of which...
The temporal and spatial characteristics of lightning activities across Hong Kong, a mountainous metropolis surrounded by sea, has been studied. Over 0.32 million of cloud-to- ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) flashes reported by Hong Kong Lightning Location Network during 2005 to 2008 were analyzed. Seasonal variations show that although the lightning activity in summer is the strongest, the ratio...
The work presents selected problems of calibration, testing and checking the electromagnetic field (EMF) meters and probes designated mainly for measurements in the near-field. The metrology is related to surveying labor safety and environment protection against unwanted exposure to the EMF.
A circuit model for the prediction of conducted emissions due to DC/DC converters in a satellite power-distribution system is proposed. The noise source is represented as a linear network whose parameters are identified from measurements performed in suitable test setups. In particular: (a) the passive part of the model is represented by an admittance matrix; (b) the active part of the model is represented...
In this paper we present the development of very simple, accurate and efficient methodology based on multilayer spreading approach [MSA] to model the distributed complex capacitance as well as inductance in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) interconnects on lossy semiconductor substrate which is based on quasi-static approach and does not require exact field solutions. The model is quite accurate...
This paper presents a new lumped element model for conventional Marchand baluns. Analyzed by even- and odd-mode method, the equivalent equations are derived for λ/4 coupled lines. Based on the proposed 5th-order equivalent circuit for λ/4 coupled lines, the model parameters can be easily calculated by the derived equations. A GaAs monolithic wideband Marchand balun was implemented to verify the model...
An acquisition system centred on Rogowski coil and the voltage divider is introduced to eliminate the common-mode voltage effect induced by the H-bridge PWM inverter. The test apparatus is made of the voltage measurement, the current transducer, and the Nicolet acquisition system. For reducing the common-mode influence, a symmetrical voltage divider circuit is proposed by the instrumentation, which...
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