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Due to the projected increase in the type 2 diabetes epidemic, there is a critical need for widely available and inexpensive screening for diabetic retinopathy, a preventable secondary disease caused by diabetes that can lead to decreased visual function and even blindness. Currently this type of testing can only be performed manually by ophthalmologists, but a telemedicine network with retina cameras...
This paper details a methodology and preliminary results for applying a hierarchy of clustering units to mammographic image data. The identification of patients with breast cancer through the detection of microcalcifications and masses is a demanding classification problem; minimal false negatives are desired while simultaneously avoiding false positives that cause unnecessary cost to patients and...
Hydrogels have been favored as scaffolds for brain repair. However, most of the polymers used today for neural tissue scaffold fabrication require chemical functionalization with neuro-adhesive molecules, which raises potential challenges for their clinical applications. In the present study, simply prepared chitosan-based composite gels were developed by physically blending chitosan into agarose...
Wnt signaling pathway is involved in multiple cell processes including cell differentiation, cell development, and cell fate. Mutations in the Wnt pathway genes have been frequently found to cause cancer. Recently, there has been emerging evidence showing that abnormality of the Wnt pathway may also be involved in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity; thus, it may play important roles in psychotic...
Acute behavioral responses to alcohol have been shown to be contributing factors to alcoholism, a disease that may be associated with high stress levels and brain injury. In this study, the LXS line of recombinant inbred mouse strains is used to develop understanding of the genetic basis of ethanol response, by finding links between genotype, gene expression data, and phenotypes associated with increased...
The high-level contribution of this paper is the development of a clustering model to identify biological signatures for language anxiety in non-native English speakers. We use the Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV)-based Electro-photonic impulse analyzer to collect electro-photonic emission of fingertips, called GDV-grams, of students belonging to three different categories: Native English speakers,...
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, is one of the most common forms of injury sustained throughout Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. Diagnosis is difficult for many of the symptoms are very common and may not manifest themselves immediately after the injury. Many studies on blast-related mTBI have been published from research regarding the current war in Iraq and Afghanistan...
Acute behavioral responses to alcohol have been shown to be contributing factors to alcoholism, a disease that may be associated with high stress levels and brain injury. In this study, the LXS line of recombinant inbred mouse strains is used to develop understanding of the genetic basis of ethanol response, by finding links between genotype, gene expression data, and phenotypes associated with increased...
The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of sexually mature mice contains a highly variable number of pluripotent stem cells that produce a stream of intermediate progenitors which give rise to neurons and glial cells. Genetic factors, age, and the environment control variation in the fate and rate of neurogenesis. Discovery of stem cells in the adult CNS has catalyzed wide-ranging research into...
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is well characterized for the peripheral nervous system; however, translation to the central nervous system (CNS) presents a new set of challenges which require us to consider different anatomy, multiple cell types, and the physiology associated with structures in the CNS. This study represents the first attempt to translate INS to in vivo stimulation of the CNS....
The Americans for Disabilities Act (ADA) arose from a need for access for disabled people for public and private facilities. The driving force behind providing access for handicapped individuals was initiated through the first White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals in 1975–6 throughout the United States. One of the most successful conferences was held in Nashville, TN in September 1976,...
Biographical Sketch: Dr. Stephen Stow is former director of the American Museum of Science and Energy (AMSE), which is operated by UT-Battelle in Oak Ridge. He holds a B.S. degree in geology from Vanderbilt University and M.S. and PhD degrees from Rice University in geochemistry. He has worked in many capacities since joining ORNL in 1980, serving as program manager for various environmental activities,...
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) provides an artifact-free, contact-free and spatially selective alternative to electrical methods of neural activation. However, INS is limited by an approximately 2:1 ratio of radiant exposures (J/cm2) inducing damage to those required for stimulation. Current laser power requirements for stimulation also provide challenges to implanting INS-based technology. While...
Epilepsy is one of the most widely occurring and costly neurological disorders. The CDC has named developing a prediction method for seizures as its top priority in epileptic research because the unpredictability of seizures causes immense psychological stress on persons with lifetime epilepsy. In order to reduce these stresses, Hively et al have designed an algorithm to provide forewarning of epileptic...
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States. Many people develop cancer, but the immune system kills these cells without the need for outside treatments. In cancer progression, however, tumor cells may evade the immune system. How this happens is not fully understood. Natural killer cells (NK) are one of many immune cells to show tumor cell lysis. Specifically, the natural cytotoxicity...
This paper details a methodology and preliminary results for applying a hierarchy of clustering units to mammographic image data. The identification of patients with breast cancer through the detection of microcalcifications and masses is a demanding classification problem; minimal false negatives are desired while simultaneously avoiding false positives that cause unnecessary cost to patients and...
Hydrogels have been favored as neural tissue scaffold materials for brain repair. However, most of the polymers used today for neural tissue scaffold fabrication require chemical functionalization with neuro-adhesive molecules, which raises potential challenges for their clinical applications. In the present study, simply prepared chitosanbased composite gels were developed by physically blending...
In a TBI population, cognitive changes are often the most salient features after traumatic brain injury of any severity, and they typically contribute more to a persisting disability than do physical impairments. These changes may include negative impacts on attention, memory, processing speed, and multiple other aspects of cognition and language. Current behavioral test methods are based on interpreting...
Traumatic brain injury is the signature battlefield injury of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Currently there are intense investigations into the effect of blast and traumatic brain injury. Our laboratory has focused on post injury sequelae associated with to exposure to blast and traumatic brain injury. One interesting complication seen in combat wounded is heterotopic ossification...
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