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We measured mechanical properties of individual mammalian cells (U937 monocytes and CHO, see below) in suspension by trapping and stretching them in time-varying, non-uniform electric fields. To demonstrate the potentially broad applicability of electro-deformation (ED) for mechanical (visco-elastic) characterization of cells in suspension, we calculated electrical stresses acting on the cells and...
Modified S-BLM (Solid Supported Bilayer Lipid Membrane) is a kind of sensitive element similarly to biologic membranes. It was found that modified S-BLM conductance was closely related to its sensitivity. The theory of research methods was firstly demonstrated and established. I2 modified S-BLM and C60 modified S-BLM, which were all supported by stainless steel needle, was studied objects. Through...
We have studied that the influence of D.C. electric field on plant growth. This paper reports the effect of the D.C. electric field on seed germination and weight change. Raphanus sativus longipinnatus 〈daikon radish〉 and Arabidopsis thaliana 〈thale-cress〉 were tested. The results are following: (a) The application of D.C. electric field improves the seed germination rate in daikon radish and thale-cress...
A new system for studying electrical properties of cell suspension is presented, which is based on the piezoelectric pressure wave propagation (Piezo-PWP) method. Because of the introduction of ultrasound to the system, the biological effects of ultrasound must be considered. In the experiment, the most important impact of the ultrasound is the steady-state cavitation. Under the exposure to the ultrasound,...
Understanding the initiation site and propagation of epileptiform discharges in hippocampus are of important physiological significance. Here in transverse plane of hippocampus, the above questions were investigated with low-Mg2+ ACSF perfused hippocampal slices of Sprague Dawley rat using microelectrode arrays. Initiation site of epileptiform discharges was determined by comparing the onset time...
Early detection of lung edema for patients suffering from chronic heart disease improves the medical treatment and can avoid committal of the patient to an intensive care unit. Therefore, an early warning system monitoring the amount of fluid in the lungs by measuring trans-thoracic bioimpedance outside the body has been developed. The proposed system(TiBIS) consists of a textile integrated measurement...
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) method can be used as a valuable tool for real time monitoring of cell behavior such as attachment, mobility, and growth. Changes in impedance of the cells due to growth and attachment can be modeled as an equivalent circuit consisting of resistors and capacitors of both the cell culture media and the cells. In this work, a biosensor which measures...
In this paper the design and implementation of an integrated system, for healing nerve, muscles, bones, and joints injuries, are discussed. In this system, ultrasound waves and interferential-current can be applied separately or concurrently, based on the recommendation of the healthcare specialist. This flexibility is expected to optimize, improve, and quicken the healing progress and recovery. The...
An electrode matrix and electronic circuit for simultaneous monitoring heart performance and respiration activity is described in the paper. The heart performance is evaluated basing on a mechanical and electrical activity. The mechanical activity is measured using bioimpedance method while the electrical one using a typical approach, i.e. one channel electrocardiogram is recorded. An electrode matrix...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely accepted clinical tool adopted for the treatment of a number of motor disorders. Despite its clinical efficacy, its underlying mechanisms have not been yet fully understood. One major issue that we identify as partly responsible for this lack of understanding is related to the poor control over the size, shape and location of the distribution of the depolarizing...
The incorporation of nanostructured materials as functional elements of microscale devices can enhance the application of these systems for biological interfacing. Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) have been applied as highly spatially resolved electrodes in electrophysiological interfacing to tissue. Further, their high aspect ratio enables them to penetrate into cells of tissue matrices...
Impedance detection plays a crucial role in the development of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOAC) technologies. Various types of impedance biosensors have been developed over the years, with the main focus being centered on interdigital sensors. Optimization of impedance sensors has only recently attracted interest. In this paper we present a conformal mapping approach to the optimization of bipolar and tetrapolar...
We present the design and characterization of amplifiers and control logic for an integrated circuit designed to record electrocorticograms (ECoG) from the surface of the brain. The chip, which was fabricated in a 0.6-μm BiCMOS process, contains 100 amplifiers, control logic, and circuits for wireless power and transmission of data. ECoG signals, sensed by electrodes, are capacitively coupled to the...
This paper presents a study on electrode for the amperometric detection of human stress based on salivary alpha amylase, emulated with different concentration of glucose, with the flow injection analysis biosensing system. Amperometric detection is an electrochemical voltammetric measurement approach, where the current intensity in a detection cell is regarded as a function of the concentration of...
We describe in this paper an energy-efficient waveform generator which is dedicated to build a low-power intra-cortical implantable microstimulator. It features novel flexible current-mode stimuli such as half-sine and rising exponential pulses. The output stage of the proposed device consists of an electrode-tissue driver that generates high-voltage supplies on-chip in order to increase the voltage...
The goal of this digest is to develop a quantitative understanding about the shape and the volume of tissue activated (VTA) and stimulation site by deep brain stimulation (DBS) in deep brain area like subthalamic nucleus (STN) to improve neural stimulation. Current steering approach has been used in cochlear implant systems. In this digest, a novel current steering approach is applied to deep brain...
The uncertain conductivity value of brain tissue influences the accuracy of the EEG inverse problem solution. When using traditional least-squares minimization methods, the number of electrodes that is used as input in the EEG inverse problem has not an influence on the resolution. However, when including a selection procedure on a high number of electrodes, the localization error is decreased. The...
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique in which an image of the conductivity or permittivity of part of the body is inferred from surface electrical measurements. In the paper an approach of a fast, real-time, three dimensional human lung's detection and imaging based on node back-projection algorithm with a 64 electrodes EIT system is introduced. The results shows that...
In this paper, we propose a new transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) system which uses multiple electrode arrays. Once a target location inside a human brain is selected, optimal injection current at each electrode is determined by solving a constrained optimization problem, of which the objective function is evaluated by 3D finite element method (FEM) adopting the superposition principle...
Long term neurophysiological studies of un-anesthetized and freely moving animals require an implantable miniaturized telemetry system that can acquire and transmit neural firing patterns and other physiological parameters directly from inside the body. In this paper the design and in vitro results of a long range implantable bio-telemetry system is presented. This system has three main features:...
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