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The following topics are dealt with: A/D conversion; D/A conversion; dielectric measurement; magnetic measurement; signal processing; sensor networks; flow measurement; optical measurement; robotics; chemical measurement; biological measurement; image processing; force measurement; and industrial applications.
Welcome to the 2010 International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) and to Austin, Texas! We are thrilled to host this 27th annual gathering of engineers, scientists, business professionals and students to discuss and share what we know and are learning about the many essential fundamentals and broad applications of instrumentation and measurement. We hope that you will...
In this paper we make nonparametric measurements on a system with two inputs and two outputs, in the presence of nonlinear distortions. Starting from a series of experiments, the frequency response function, the covariance matrix of the output noise, and the covariance matrix of the output nonlinear distortions are estimated as a function of the frequency. It will be shown that, using well designed...
The evaluation of the spectral components of a signal by means of a DFT or FFT algorithm is subject to leakage errors whenever the sampling frequency is not coherent with the signal frequency. Smoothing windows are used to mitigate these errors, and interpolation methods are applied, in the frequency domain, to reduce these errors further on. However, if cosine windows are employed, closed-form formulas...
Stereo-vision has emerged as an effective approach for contact-less three-dimensional measurements. This paper presents a methodology for the propagation of the measurement uncertainty through stereo-vision calibration and measurement algorithms, according to international standards. The proposed procedure is compared to reference statistical procedure for uncertainty evaluation and results are presented...
A phase-only filter for image correlation that is derived from the mathematical representation of an optical correlator has been shown to be applicable to the data association problem. A new approach for this type of correlation that can also incorporate measurement and track uncertainties is developed. Data association is a key component of the data fusion process; Level 1 data fusion in target tracking...
Dynamic testing of analog-digital converters (ADC) is a complex task. A possible approach is using a sine wave because it can be generated with high precision. However, in the sine wave fitting method for the test of ADC's, all the available information is extracted from the measured data. Therefore, the estimated ADC parameters (ENOB, linearity errors) are not always accurate enough, and not detailed...
This paper deals with a procedure for a high accuracy estimation of the Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB) of an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). According to this procedure the ADC output sine-wave parameters are determined by means of the Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform (IpDFT) method. A criterion for the selection of the window to be used in the IpDFT method is given in the paper. Moreover,...
Analog-digital converter (ADC) integral nonlinearity (INL) modeling is investigated. The model is comprised of two entities: a low code frequency (LCF) component modeled by an L-order polynomial, and a static high code frequency component (HCF), modeled by P linear disjoint segments centered around zero. Both model components are functions of the ADC output code k. A methodical way of estimating the...
It is well-known that the proper selection of test frequency and instruments is imperative in successful evaluation of the Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) dynamic performance parameters, such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SINAD), total harmonic distortion (THD) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). The dynamic testing of the ADCs is often performed...
A new sensing method, termed Multiple Excitation Capacitance Polling (MECaP), has been developed to improve the efficiency of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). Instead of applying one excitation signal to an electrode at a time, the MECaP technique progressively applies an increasing number of excitation signals to multiple electrodes, and measures the capacitance values simultaneously, thereby...
A technique is proposed for determining the complex permittivity and permeability of material samples placed in a transmission line sample holder. The proposed technique is based on fitting the material properties to polynomials. The technique is immune to several of the shortcomings of traditional techniques, in particular the popular technique proposed by Nicolson and Ross. Examples of determining...
An accurate and flexible system for magnetic permeability measurements is described. In particular, effects such as eddy currents and signal drift are minimized by exploiting the main system features: (i) high-performance digital integration by means of a digital integrator, with a theoretical resolution of 10 ppt using an 18-Bit A/D Converter at 800 kS/s, specifically developed for magnetic measurements,...
Peanut-hull pellets are obtained from a waste product, peanut hulls, which after pelleting can have several uses, namely as a renewable fuel. Rapid and nondestructive characterization of peanut-hull pellets is important for industrial utilization of this resource. Properties such as moisture content and bulk density are important for quality control and pricing and control of the energy conversion...
In this paper, simple algorithms for fast estimation of the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of the sinusoidal signals from two channels with the same frequency are presented. Parameters are calculated from the DFT coefficients around the component peaks. The idea of the systematic error reduction with the weighted amplitude and phase DFT coefficients is used in the comparative measurement...
This paper deals with the performance of several up-to-date nonparametric frequency estimators. The algorithms of frequency estimation are introduced and their bias, standard deviation and consumption time are compared with regard to the most common signal parameters.
Accurate amplitude and phase difference estimation is desired for impedance measurements where two common frequency sine signals are acquired. One of the proposed algorithms for amplitude and phase estimation is the ellipse fitting algorithm. This algorithm, due to its simplicity, is a prime candidate for implementation in standalone impedance measurement systems based on DSPs. However, the phase...
This paper proposes an interpolated three-parameter sinewave fit method for estimating asynchronously sampled signal phase. The proposed method provides improved phase estimation of harmonically distorted signal compared to conventional three-parameter sinewave fit method with or without truncation to the closest integer number of cycles, especially when estimating phase from small number of sampled...
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