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If properly selected, an electric motor (EM) with a fitted power envelope could respond the Electric Vehicle (EV) needs and avoid overdesign. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm upon which, EV designers could define a proper motor and evaluate it by its impact on EV total mass reduction. To simplify the EV design, two characteristics of EM have been recognized to be more essential to enhance,...
The goal of the present study is to evaluate the supercapacitors performance in electrical vehicle applications, as the supercapacitors have a high charging and discharging rates which will help to extend the lifetime of the batteries and to increase the autonomy of the vehicle. The supercapacitors are connected in parallel with batteries to supply a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) through...
A typical feature of city tram transportation is increasing its effectivity. The main effort of public transportation companies is seeking savings for decreasing the energy intensity of mass transit. During operative measurement of power consumption in the tram cars it was found that on the whole the tram energy consumption have well-known influences such as tram occupancy, use of heating etc., and...
This paper describes the implementation of sensor-less hill-assist control system in electric Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV). In manual transmission vehicles without hill-assist, the restart at the slope can be done through skilled clutch control. For the vehicles not having clutch (auto transmission or fixed gear electric vehicles), the restart of the vehicle at hill is not possible with driver skills...
This paper proposes a regenerative braking system for a small-scale prototype applied to an electric bus, which is driven by a DC motor. The employed topology is based on two bidirectional DC-DC converters, cascaded connected, and with specific energy control function to provide energy flux between accumulators and motor drive. The recovered energy provided for the traction motor, when operating as...
This paper approaches problems of tram DC motors traction system modernization, system widely used in the area of Eastern Europe. First, the state-of-the-art and an overview of trams equiped with DC motors and classical rheostatic control system are presented. Poor economic status of this region only allows upgrading these trams with modern power converters. These improve the burning issues and allow...
This paper presents a novel robust dynamic feedback control algorithm, using a hybrid extended Kalman filter based fusion of distance from odometer and attitude from IMU developed for the all-terrain, skid-steered and six-wheeled drive vehicle. The vehicle is a teleoperated unmanned ground vehicle custom fitted with an inertial measurement unit, motor encoders and a GPS. In order to enable the vehicle...
Adhesion control is a key technology for preventing or reducing wheel slip/skid and improving reliability of traction/braking systems of railway vehicles. With the running speed and operation span of trains increasing, the issue of wheel-rail adhesion becomes rather complex, making traditional re-adhesion based adhesion control strategy inapplicable for HST. This work proposes a novel active adhesion...
Automated mechanical transmission technology is very suitable for the development of China's automobile industry realities. The paper discusses optimizing shift regularity of AMT and training simulation of data is completed by neural network. It indicated that distinguish measure of RBF neural network can solve the problem of shift recognition, and offer the shift control strategy of neural network...
In this work a novel series hybrid powertrain concept is presented. The concept removes the requirement for a power electronic converter to manage the state of charge of the accumulators by controlling the power flow between the generator and accumulator. Instead, the engine and generator are directly coupled and the state of charge of the accumulators is maintained by controlling the speed and power...
With the growing concern on the environment and limited petroleum, the transportation field has been looking for alternative modes, vehicle segments, and improved operation strategies. On the other hand, with the growing transportation issues on urban applications in the trend of increasing numbers of mega cities and elderly populations, the personal mobility vehicle concept is being studied especially...
This paper overviews the design changes necessary to convert an AVS-22 electric bus to an in-vehicle component testbed. These changes include the addition of a data acquisition system and a modular control system that will be adaptable with changing components. The majority of this paper discusses the need for the bus to climb 25% grades, and how battery chemistry significantly affects hill climb...
Energy and environmental considerations, new paradigms for urban mobility and transportation increased in the past few years the interest on Light Electric Vehicle (LEV). In that context, Electrically Power Assisted Cycles (EPACs) received a great attention: several efforts have been made in order to improve their performance in terms of autonomy, weight, esthetic and feeling with the driver. In this...
This paper presents the traction motor sizing for optimal urban fuel economy in two mild and three strong hybridization powertrains on front-wheel-drive vehicles. The traction motor sizes, by means of motor rated torque and speed, are optimized for maximum urban fuel economy. The two mild hybrids are Belt-Integrated-Starter-Generator (B-ISG) and Crankshaft-Integrated-Starter-Generator (C-ISG) systems...
This paper describes the drive performance of a FRID EV (front and rear wheel independent drive type electric vehicle) that is safe and has good running performance, and is specifically focused on a driving method that can deliver efficient running performance on various road surfaces. The driving performance is obtained via a traction control method that uses the structural features of the FRID EV...
A method for modeling a Corbin Sparrow, a small electric vehicle (EV), is presented in this paper. The model is divided into two parts: (1) the mechanical dynamics model — the physics-based model that estimates how much power is necessary to accelerate the vehicle's mass and overcome various sources of friction; and (2) the electromechanical drive train model — the model of the motor and power electronics...
Traction control system is studied based on the Omni-directional vehicle which is built by our research group. The research mainly involves two aspects, vehicle state estimation and vehicle traction control logic design. Extended Kalman Estimation relying on multiple degrees of freedom vehicle model is used to estimate vehicle longitudinal speed, lateral speed, side slip angle, and yaw rate. Traction...
During electric vehicle development process, a new methodology of power train parameters matching is established, which is based on theoretical calculation and engineering analysis. By setting up a co-simulation platform of AVL-cruise and Simulink, a regenerative braking control strategy is adopted to simulate and verify the designed EV power system. The simulation results with chosen driving cycles...
One of the most important environmental problems in large cities is the vehicular emission. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a growing alternative for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Since this kind of vehicle has low autonomy yet, it is important to optimize energy consumption, for instance by planning a suitable infrastructure of battery recharge and/or battery-switch stations. This paper...
This paper proposes a parallel energy-sharing configuration of energy management control for fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) application. The hybrid energy source consists of fuel cells (FCs) and energy storage units (ESUs) made up of battery pack and ultracapacitor (UC) module. The aim of the control is to regulate the DC link voltage, which is connected to the traction DC motor via the h-bridge...
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