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The mobility allowance shuttle transit (MAST) system is a hybrid transit system in which vehicles are allowed to deviate from a fixed route to serve flexible demand. A mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation for the static scheduling problem of multi-vehicle MAST (m-MAST) system is proposed in this paper. Based on the MIP formulation, we analyze the impacts of time headways between consecutive...
In addition to the challenge to reduce traffic jams, reduction of traffic emissions in such a way that the dispersion of the emissions to residential areas, hospitals, schools, and other neighborhoods is decreased is a problem that requires state-of-the-art traffic control and management solutions. In this paper we model the dispersion of the emissions from a freeway traffic using a grid-based approach...
City logistics is one of the causes of today's road congestion in our cities, but at the same time its efficiency is affected by the traffic problems. The driving behaviour and mission strategies used by vans and lorries operating in urban areas usually does not exploit modern infomobility solutions. CityLog, a project co-funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme, aims at...
We discuss an optimum principle for a vehicular traffic network with road bottlenecks introduced by the author recently [B.S. Kerner, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44, 092001 (2011)]. This network breakdown minimization (BM) principle states that the network optimum is reached, when link flow rates are assigned in the network in such a way that the probability for spontaneous occurrence of traffic breakdown...
This paper presents a case of utilising a process conforming to multi-criteria decision analysis to support city planning decision making. The perceived value of utilising a decision analysis process in the screening phase, i.e. the initial phase of planning decision making is discussed. In the case it was concluded that the value added lie in the increase of the general understanding of the business,...
Social navigation provides drivers with an advice that aims to shift traffic flows in a network from a user equilibrium to a system optimum. The advice is based on minimizing a combination of the individual travel time and the marginal total travel time in the network. The level of altruism defines the extent to which a driver is willing to sacrifice his own travel time in favor of other drivers....
Caused by the rising interest on traffic surveillance for simulations and decision management many publications focus on automatic vehicle detection systems. Vehicle counts and velocities of different car classes are the essential data basis for almost every traffic model. Especially during mass events or catastrophes conventional detection systems do not meet the demands. Thus a more flexible detector...
This research develops and evaluates a new multi-agent adaptive traffic signal control system based on swarm intelligence and the neural-fuzzy actor-critic reinforcement learning (NFACRL) method. The proposed method combines the better attributes of swarm intelligence and the NFACRL method. Two scenarios are used to evaluate the method and the new NFACRL-Swarm method is compared with its NFACRL counterpart...
Due to the rising ecological awareness as well as the scarcity of fuel, associated with the rising price of petrol, the demand for economically ideal working vehicles rose. Car manufacturers put a lot of effort in improving the car body, the engine, or the power train of cars. However, the driver can save fuel and money by learning a more efficient driving style, too. Assistance systems can help drivers...
Rescheduling requires actual and reliable information about the load of trains. For passenger trains the load varies due to the occupancy but with lower impact on the running time than in freight traffic where the overall load of cargo trains may differ from day to day depending on the actual demand. So the ordered time slot will offer reserves in running time according to the safety philosophy in...
When freeway traffic flow approaches capacity, minor disturbances or perturbations can cause traffic streams to break down into queued or bottleneck conditions. Traffic research has shown that the traffic volume at which flow breaks down is a stochastic variable. Since travel in heavily congested conditions increases travel time, fuel consumption, and emission levels, this research characterizes the...
Capacity is one of the relevant values to describe traffic flow on freeway segments. It depends on various conditions such as roadway, traffic, environment and control conditions. The magnitudes of the influencing values on capacity, that are described in guidelines, are mostly based on just a few research studies with little spatial and temporal data sources. In the past, capacity was defined as...
This research incorporates the prediction of carbon emissions of the current (2007) Hub-and-Spoke based air traffic system with the development of potential Point-to-Point air traffic routes. To accomplish this a Hub-and-Spoke carbon emission calculator is developed and a Spoke-To-Hub-To-Destination Passenger Demand Estimator is incorporated into the Hub-and-Spoke carbon emission calculator. This...
Within the EC project “iTETRIS”, an architecture for simulating traffic management applications based on vehicular communications (V2X) was designed and implemented. The work was based on evaluating the needs of a real city — the city of Bologna. Applications which try to solve the detected problems were defined and evaluated in subsequent steps. This report describes the evaluation of one of the...
Virtually all ITS applications rely on accurate traffic data. Identification of faulty detectors is thus vital for their reliability and efficiency. Most existing approaches solely use current and historical data of single or adjacent detectors and are based on empirical thresholds. We present a method for fault detection using Floating-Car Data (FCD) as independent source of information which allows...
ITS systems can help reduce CO2 emissions in three different ways, which need to be evaluated using different modeling paradigms. The ITS systems that reduce demand for vehicle travel should be analyzed using regional transportation planning models that explicitly represent modal choice and pricing sensitivity of travel choices. The ITS systems that improve vehicle operating efficiency should be evaluated...
Research funding and innovation processes are key instruments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport. This paper presents a contribution to the development of a European strategy on climate-friendly transport research funding. A Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) was set up, in order to define research priorities, develop future roadmaps, and suggest targets that can be actually achieved...
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