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The root mean square (rms) measurement of alternating voltage of any waveform is frequently done by means of thermal transfer instruments. The principle of these thermal rms converters is to transfer the heating energy of resistive load to a temperature-sensing element. The dc voltage output of the sensor reflects the amount of electrical power (ac or dc) applied to the input. This paper is addressing...
A battery-free power management circuit (PMC) for an impact-type piezoelectric energy harvester for micro wind is presented in this paper. As the energy generated by micro wind is intermittent, sleep mode is adopted for the PMC to save power. A new energy sensing circuit is designed to detect the energy level generated by the piezoelectric cantilever and then to control the operation modes, sleep...
This paper introduces an enhanced speed self-sensing method that tracks stator flux linkage in electric machines at very low speeds. Volt-second sensing technology is used to mitigate the inverter nonlinearity, which is the major source of flux estimation error in the very low speed range. By integrating volt-second sensing in the Gopinath style closed-loop flux observer, the rotor speed information...
An original and modern integrated current sensor is designed and presented in this paper. It can provide a sense current proportional to an output current available to the microcontroller via an external resistor. The ratio between output and sense current is modeled and simulated. The errors between the two currents increase in low currents domain. A solution consisting in a gate back regulation...
A novel current mirror sensing based multi-phase current balance developed in Global Foundry 0.18μm CMOS process was presented in this paper. Different from conventional current mirror sensing method, a new bypass branch was added to make the sample signal more accurate in high switching frequency situation. The method was realized in a 2.5MHz four-phase buck converter. As the simulation result shows,...
In this paper, a single-input dual-output rectifier for piezoelectric energy harvesting is proposed. An energy harvester often needs to feed multiple devices. The proposed rectifier provides dual outputs and the number of circuit components in the current path is reduced compared with conventional circuits. Furthermore, with this rectifier, the internal capacitance of the piezoelectric element is...
This paper presents a multilevel spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM). The conventional SOT-MRAMs enables a reliable and energy efficient write operation. However, these cells require two access transistors per cell, hence the efficiency of the SOT-MRAMs can be questioned in high-density memory application. To deal with this obstacle, we propose a multilevel cell which stores...
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer mechanical motion in MHz to GHz range and energy can be confined to the surface to reduce boundary losses. A key challenge in implementing SAW based sensors is to improve the sensitivity of the measured SAW. A significant issue in SAW sensors is the source capacitance of IDTs, which makes parasitic capacitance and IDT size reduction a great burden on the SNR...
The hybrid layer based on poly-3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene(PEDOT)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the flexible polymer substrate is proposed as sensitive element to creation of humidity sensor. The current-voltage characteristics of the obtained films have been studied. It is shown that increasing of the content of carbon nanotubes in the composite leads to decreasing of the resistance of...
The spin transfer torque magnetic random access (STT-MRAM) is suitable for embedded memories and also for the second level cache memory in the mobile CPU's. The most capable NVM component is STT-MRAM, which enhances the performance by 3.3 nS access time. It has strong radiation hardness, higher integrity and maximum endurance compared to SRAM. The power consumption of STT-MRAM is decreased by an order...
This paper presents a novel architecture for a kilo-ohm to giga-ohm pseudo-resistor (PR), based on transistors operating in subthreshold with a fixed-Vgs configuration. This PR when used in an RC filter has a very low and constant settling time regardless of the programmed pole frequency. The proposed PR takes advantage of bootstrapping to improve its tuning range. By defining a constant VGs for the...
Resistive crossbar arrays show significant improvement in terms of energy and area efficiency when compared to current SRAM based memory technologies. However, due to its resistive nature, it suffers from undesired current sneak-paths complicating read-out procedures. In this paper, we present a voltage-based reading technique in resistive memories. The simplicity of the readout circuit enables parallel...
With the tremendous popularity of smartphones and other portable devices, crowdsensing applications have become a center of attention in recent years. Different mechanisms have been designed to incentivize mobile users to participate in crowdsensing. However, there are still many open issues needed to be investigated for these incentive mechanisms. In this paper, we systematically study the collusion...
Electromagnetic radiation effects can cause several types of errors on traditional SRAM-based registers such as single event upset (SEU) and single event functional interrupt (SEFI). Especially in aerospace where radiation is quite intense, the stability and correctness of systems are greatly affected. By exploiting the beneficial features of high radiation resistance and non-volatility, spin-transfer...
Spin based memories have garnered major interest in recent times. With all of the alluring features like-non-volatility, zero-stand by leakage and dense integration in array, they suffer from not having satisfactory distinguishability between stored memory states. Recently, a novel approach of using Phase transition materials (PTM) to assist magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in spin memories has been...
In this study, we propose an offset cancellation technique with the spin-torque memristors where are unpredictable threshold voltage changes of transistors that results in the input referred random offset (IRRO) of amplifiers. Motivated by this fact, this study focuses on the IRRO cancellation in sense amplifiers with the aid of the spin-torque memristor technology. The spin-torque memristors in series...
This paper presents the development and field test of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for bridge inspections. The proposed UAV, which consists of a quadrotor, a cylindrical cage installed in it, and two spokeless wheels freely rotating around the cage, can climb and run on the bridge surface. Its structure improves durability and reduces air resistance compared with conventional UAVs with a...
The article considers multichannel integrated circuits (ICs) MH2XA010-02/03, which are realized on the radiation-hardened structured array (SA) MH2XA010 and designed for analog signal processing of optoelectronic sensors. It gives the electric circuits of ICs, the description of their functionality features and the measurement results of their main parameters.
In this work we prove and describe the method of data processing of the electric impedance tomography. The cornerstone parameter of the research object integral characteristic is its symmetry. The method allows one to reduce dimension of a task and also to establish the degree of compliance of a research object to some predetermined quality requirements. At the same time, it is possible to avoid the...
This paper presents the development of Al-Ge eutectic bonding for wafer level chip scale packaging of MEMS sensors. Al is sputtered on the MEMS wafer while an Al/Ti/Ge stack is sputtered on the cap wafer. The bonding temperature and bonding time are 430°C and 30min, respectively. A CMOS compatible Ti/Ni stack was deposited as getter on the cap wafer to maintain the vacuum level inside the cavity....
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