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We present printed microscale multijunction (MJ) multi-terminal high-efficiency solar cells to overcome the epi-growth and current-matching limitations of conventional MJ cells. We demonstrate quadruple junction, four-terminal solar cells with measured efficiencies of 43.9% at concentrations exceeding 1000 suns, and modules with efficiencies of 36.5%.
Cu2ZnGeS4 (CZGS) thin films were first grown by reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique and post sulfurization. Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination confirm the synthesized films to be tetragonal stannite CZGS together with ZnS secondary phase. The effect of two manufacturing conditions was investigated: sputtering pressure for precursor deposition and sulfurization temperature. By decreasing...
Multilevel inverters are one of the most popular and useful type among all and have lots of usage like less disturbance and the possibility to function at higher switching frequencies than ordinary two-Level inverters. They can be used at different applications like electronic derivers, wind turbines and solar plants. In order to feed the DC current produced by PV panels to the inverters, power electronic...
In this work, we propose a novel structure of solar cell based on copper-indium-gallium-diselenide CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) absorber layer by using SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator of the University of Gent). This numerical simulation has been used to explore the possibility of higher efficiency and stable CdS/CIGS cell structures with (ZnO) as window layer, and (CdS) a buffer layer, (CIGS)...
In the context of a research skills class for undergraduates, we find that providing students background on the scientific method, literature review, writing an abstract, etc. leaves little time for exposing students to actual research. Previously in this class, one assignment involved student teams of four brainstorming for a short time before conducting an experiment that could be performed over...
In this work-in-progress, an educational tool based on a PSpice photovoltaic (PV) module simulation model is presented. An innovative practice relies on a monitoring system for PV applications that supports this didactic tool. The monitoring system manages to provide real data about the performance of the PV module such as irradiance, ambient temperature and the current, voltage and power of the PV...
This paper presents modelling and analysis of multi-junction solar cells to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. For this modelling, Matlab/Simulink tool is used to obtain the simulation results. The modelling of a single junction solar cell can be performed by single or double diode models. From the simulation results, it was found that the double diode...
We fabricate a Silicon thin film by metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEch). Generally, it is hard to make a large size silicon thin film. Here we demonstrate a low cost and simple method to lift off the silicon thin film from silicon wafer. Besides, the substrate is reusable, so we can fabricate many thin films from the same wafer. Thus, this method is competitive for commercial applications.
According to the laid problem of photovoltaic cells, first of all, we need to divide the wall which laid photovoltaic cells into pieces to lay more photovoltaic cells; Secondly, to make total electricity generation maximize and unit electricity generation cost as little as we can, we established the 0–1 multi-objective programming model; Thirdly, aiming at lowest cost, the inverter configuration optimization...
The paper deals with the design, set up and functioning of the remote experiment “Energy transformation” measured via Internet. The experiment is free accessible on http://remotelab10.truni.sk as a part of the e-laboratory at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Trnava University in Trnava, Slovakia. The experiment is based on Internet School Experimental System (ISES) and built using...
A spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) capability having the potential to scan production-scale areas at high speed has been developed and successfully applied to map the alloy composition of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CuIn1−xGaxSe2: CIGS) thin films. This technique not only generates a compositional map but simultaneously provides maps of the more typical SE-determined properties as well, including...
Terahertz (THz) has been well known for its unique ability to propagate through non-polar packaging material. At the same time, THz wavelengths are small enough to provide meaningful imaging resolution, leading to their large potential in non-destructive evaluation. Correlation processing is a technique that has been shown to detect phase resonances in illicit chemicals, and in this paper, is extended...
A back metallic binary-rectangle grating is proposed to realize absorption enhancement through introducing plasmonic modes and cavity resonance modes. The grating contains a secondary grating whose height is optimized. Adding the structure can enhance absorption by a factor of 2.6 at λ = 915 nm and for the wavelengths in the range 550–790 nm, 875–900 nm the absorption is also enhanced.
The global electrical energy demand is increased gradually and the power generation is not meeting consumer demand due to deficit of fossil. In this paper we have been studying and analysis of the Photovoltaic power system operation and electrical characteristics. The PV power system is environmentally friendly such as no pollution and global warming effect. The PV power system is one of the best...
In this study, the mutual electrolyte structure of arrayed flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSSC) was used to decrease the internal impedance. The ITO-PET substrate was etched the conductive layer (ITO) by etching solution, which designed arrayed pattern. TiO2 thin film was fabricated on the arrayed conductive substrate by spin-coating. The arrayed flexible dye-sensitized solar cell with mutual...
This paper presents a review of the multilevel voltage source converters and solar panels for using as a voltage generation system. Main benefits and drawbacks of each circuit are described.
There is enormous potential for the use of nanophotonics in solar and thermal applications. In this talk, we show that one can use nanophotonic approach to enhance both the voltage and the current of the solar cells. We also show one can use nanophotonics effectively for a number of emerging thermal applications, including both novel approach for radiative cooling in the far field, and active control...
Solar Energy is the most convenient type of energy for the world as the reservation of the source of the energy is unlimited. Solar Photovoltaic cell is one of the ways to extract solar energy from the solar radiation and and convert it to the electrical energy by various means. Here optimum angle is one of the most important factor as the optimal angle determines the maximum amount of solar radiation...
We will show the current-voltage behaviors and band diagrams of HIT cells with and without hole thermionic emission model. When the hole thermionic emission model is not included, only drift diffusion model is used. In such a case, the calculated current would be much larger than the practical value.
Plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles (PCSNPs) can function as nanoantennas and improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To achieve maximum enhancement, the morphology of PCSNPs needs to be optimized. Here we precisely control the morphology of Au@TiO2 PCSNPs and systematically study its influence on the plasmonic enhancement effect. Enhancement mechanism was found to vary with the...
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