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A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Researchers have been studying disasters for more than a century, and for more than forty years disaster research. When discussing disaster...
This paper presents a GIS based dynamic modeling of fire spread using cellular automation simulation, given a set of stochastic ignition points and initial environmental settings. Modeling every individual room in the building as a cell, we have developed the algorithm for fire spread both from room to room inside a building and from one building to another due to radiation and branding. The models...
In order to assist civil protection authorities in emergency response situations, a web GIS-based platform was developed to integrate Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) alongside with physical sensor data and official information, so that all these data can be integrated into one system and complement each other.
Emergencies and disasters never come with prior warning, and hence detecting them and reporting is a challenge. Gathering of information when such an event occurs can reduce its severity and save lives. The proposed system presents a smart phone based platform where users can take photographs or videos of an incident and sent it to nearby users and emergency services either via online or offline....
High population growth, urbanization, and global climate change drive up the frequency of disasters, causing grave losses of people's lives and property worldwide. Additionally, globalization, technological development, and the changing roles of individuals in society will require entirely new approaches, tools, and capabilities to help inform decision making under uncertain conditions. However, the...
The Chilean National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management, CIGIDEN, was created in 2011 to develop, integrate, and transfer scientific knowledge to reduce the social consequences of extreme natural events. As one of its transfer products, CIGIDEN created a Disaster Management Simulation Lab (DMSLab) to deliver a practical training solution for disaster management. We propose...
The aim of this study was to measure the learning effectiveness and motivational appeal of an online games for learning Disaster Management Education (DME) concepts, which was designed according to the curricular objectives and the subject matter of the Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (MSEC) curriculum, as compared to a similar application, encompassing equal learning objectives and content but...
Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) operates in the western part of Taiwan where 90% of Taiwanese population lives. With the unique geographical location, travel characteristics and living environment, Taiwan encounters various types of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, typhoons, floods and landslides. Hence, it is critical for THSRC to ensure its ability and efficiency in emergency management...
Emergency resources are often insufficient to satisfy the demands for professional help and supplies in the wake of a public disaster. The authors provide insights into the trends, innovations, and challenges of contemporary crowdsourced e-health and medical informatics applications in the context of emergency preparedness and response.
To visualize post-emergency damage, a crisis-mapping system uses readily available semantic annotators, a machine-learning classifier to analyze relevant tweets, and interactive maps to rank extracted situational information. The system was validated against data from two recent disasters in Italy.
Three case studies of how two new emergency informatics tools--unmanned aerial vehicles and social media--were used to manage the 2015 Memorial Day weekend floods in Texas illustrate fundamental challenges and opportunities for computing research.
This paper presents a cost-effective system-level restoration scheme to improve power grids resilience by efficient response to the damages due to natural or manmade disasters. A post-disaster decision making model is developed to find the optimal repair schedule, unit commitment solution, and system configuration in restoration of the damaged power grid. The physical constraints of the power grid,...
The 2011-great east Japan earthquake caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNP) accident. This accident showed the challenges involved in evacuation management plan. Thus, after this accident, local governments conducted Evacuation Time Estimate (ETE) simulation to enhance the evacuation plan. In this study, by the lesson learned from this accident, we aim to evaluate various hypothesis...
This paper presents a framework for maximizing the utilization of GeoICT in Emergency Management for the City of Jeddah, one of the major metropolitan centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper starts by providing an overview of the current state-of-the-art for The GeoICT application in the City of Jeddah, then reviewing the role of ICTs in emergency management decision-making for the city...
Natural and man-made disasters are constantly occurring leading to human casualties, infrastructure destruction and financial losses. Volunteers and volunteer organizations play a significant role in each and every phase of disaster management. Therefore, selecting and retaining skilled, motivated and able volunteers becomes important. Existing ICT based solutions focus on resource allocation, team...
This paper describes the preliminary design of disaster data as a continuation of our previous research, which is modeling disaster data as spatio-temporal data with support of unpredictable data. The disaster data are designed according to the standard of disaster data in Indonesia which is defined by the BNPB (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana). BNPB is the formal agency that responsible in...
In urban emergencies and disasters, Internet connectivity is commonly unavailable to a large number of civilians in the affected area since the cellular network infrastructure and WiFi systems are either congested, or they have partially or completely failed. In this paper, we discuss how short-range wireless communications among mobile devices, e.g., smartphones, can be leveraged to construct an...
The strongest land falling cyclone, typhoon Haiyan, left in its wake a great need for the government to have a means to monitor damages and manage relief, recovery and rehabilitation efforts. The Intelligent Operations Center for Emergency Management (IOC-EM) was built to address the needs of the Philippine government in the response, recovery and rehabilitation of the affected areas not only of a...
On a workshop to improve the compilation of reliable data on disaster occurrence and impact in April 2006, the National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) has raised the challenge of Indonesia Disaster Management Information system. It is stated that Indonesia needs to develop effective Disaster Management Information System (DIMaS) to cope with geographical situation (archipelago country) together...
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