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Surveying accuracy is a very important parameter in any surveying or mapping project. While there are many national standards that specify the accuracy levels to be achieved, there is no established principle for determining the optimum accuracy. This paper attempts to introduce such a principle.
The explosion of web-based GIS technologies and the opening up of mapping services to citizens in the past decade have resulted in a whole range of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) communities like OpenStreetMap, Ushahidi, and Wikimapia, which are used to assist emergency management operations on a large scale. However, many crowdsourcing systems for disaster recovery have multiple obstacles...
3D maps of emergency scenes offer more intuitive and more detailed spatial information to support emergency decision making. In this paper, the methodology of UAV route planning is introduced, which is used to guide the process of oblique photograph data collection for efficient 3D reconstruction of building model, and its practical problems during processing are analyzed. The methodology would meet...
To date, the basis of eigenvector spatial filtering is solely the centered spatial weights matrix (SWM) that is part of the Moran Coefficient (MC). The Laplacian matrix, < CI >diag-C offers an alternative transformation of the SWM, one associated with the Geary Ratio (GR), another popular measure of spatial autocorrelation (SA). This paper compares these two specifications, respectively denoted...
Identifying influential nodes in multilayer networks, such as networks in an LBSN, has attracted much attention because of its great theoretical significance and wide application. Existing methods are limited to a single network and don't consider some social environmental factors, such as social constraints and human motion. In this paper, firstly, we propose a geo-social multilayer with two layers...
To improve wildfire responses by making and implementing safe, effective and efficient management decision, predictive services has been created to better preparing and responding to wildfires. Recently, efforts had been made to strengthen the capabilities on collecting and integrating timely weather information for improving the predictive services products. Previously, the weather information source...
This paper presents a GIS based dynamic modeling of fire spread using cellular automation simulation, given a set of stochastic ignition points and initial environmental settings. Modeling every individual room in the building as a cell, we have developed the algorithm for fire spread both from room to room inside a building and from one building to another due to radiation and branding. The models...
Disasters, like strong earthquakes, may cause different kinds of deformation and damages to urban buildings, which makes those buildings hard to recognize and extract through traditional ways. In this paper, a novel approach has been proposed to extract buildings that may suffer with various deformation due to the damage of disasters, from large urban 3D disaster scenes. The method relies on prebuilt...
People's daily lives depend on the power supply almost uninterruptedly in contemporary society, and the safe operation of power system is an important basis to ensure the safety and stability of industrial production and people's lives. Thus, inspection is necessary to ensure the safe operation of power facilities. Nowadays, there are three main kinds of inspection methods: traditional manual inspection,...
Flow path plays an important role in hydrological analysis modeling, especially in the dynamic simulation of surface flow discharge. The existing flow-path network model (FPN) can extract the flow path from random flow source point to the basin outlet and simplify the three-dimensional terrain surface to the one-dimensional representation. However, with the increasing of the number of flow source...
The distributed watershed hydrological model can effectively simulate lake basin hydrological processes, obtain water balance data such as runoff and evapotranspiration, and provide data support for hydrological research and management of lake basin environment. However, most of distributed hydrological models lack the breadth, timeliness, and convenience in practical applications, which are affected...
To scientifically use the coal mine subsidence area for surface buildings and to ensure the safe and normal use of new construction structures, this work systematically examines the foundation stability evaluation method, foundation treatment technology, and deformation resistance technological measures of new constructions in goafs by combining theoretical studies and field practices. Determining...
Crime does not occur randomly or uniformly across time, space, or social groups. The near-repeat phenomenon states that the risk of repeat victimization would increase at the nearby locations within a certain time period. The empirical evidence of near-repeat patterns has been widely reported in many different crime types across the world. Meanwhile, the growing ability to connect anywhere and anytime...
Global warming and rapid urbanization have great impacts on local temperature and urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, most of the previous research paid very little attention to the impact of natural terrain on UHI effects. This work reported the effects of complex terrain on UHI characteristics. As the second largest city in Northwest China, Lanzhou was selected as the research region since...
The space relation of contour plays an important role in aspects of topographic map reading and map integration. Tree structure is highly valued as a common tool to show space relation by investigators. Studies before focused on inclusion relation of closed contours, which is complicate to build a tree structure and has a high requirement on data. Open contour occurs more and adjacent relation between...
Analyzing the spatial distribution of residential land and its spatial distribution relations with residential facilities and transportation facilities is of great reference value for the regional optimal allocation of human settlements and the balanced development of human settlements. This paper took Wuhan City Development Zone as an example, and used the sixth census data and survey data of urban...
Taking Xiamen city as the study area, this research retrieved sensible heat flux by using meteorological data and Landsat 5 TM images of the four seasons in 2009. Meanwhile the 65 different landscape metrics of each analysis unit were acquired by landscape analysis method. Then the most effective landscape metrics, which could affect sensible heat flux, were determined by correlation analysis, partial...
Research shows that public events can be violence attractors or generators. Recent studies focus on the effect of crowd events on spatial crime analysis, using environmental criminology theories as a background. Also, social media analyses show possible influences of social media in crowd movements. This study displays and correlates spatial patterns of crimes and tweets around two stadiums in Manchester,...
In recent years, air pollution is getting more severe in China, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, ground monitoring stations are sparse and distributed unevenly, causing difficulty in analyzing the spatial variation of PM2.5 concentration over a large area. More and more research is aimed at estimating PM2.5 using global regression model, ignoring the spatial heterogeneity in PM2...
Map matching is the problem of matching the recorded geographic coordinates to a road network. In this paper, we propose an algorithm focusing on online process of low sampling rate data which estimates the weight of the candidate road based on spatial analysis and topological constraints. The proposed algorithm divides the whole trajectory into several parts and performs map matching respectively,...
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