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In an emergency event, the efficient and effective management of medical resources reduces response times and better meets the patient's needs. However, the heterogeneity of types of resources (e.g., crews and expertise levels, vehicles, hospital capacity) and needs of patients (e.g., trauma status and type, location) makes efficient management of resources a very challenging task. In an effort to...
The relevance of cross border security operations has been identified as a priority at European level for a long time. A European network where Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) forces share communications processes and a legal framework would greatly enforce response to disaster recovery and security against crime. Nevertheless, uncertainty on costs, timescale and functionalities have...
In this paper, an accurate reconstruction of the events preceding the January 13th, 2012 impact of the Costa Concordia cruise ship with the rocks of Isola del Giglio is presented, along with the emergency countermeasures activated by the ship automation system after the impact. The reconstruction is entirely based on data recorded by the information systems of the ship and demonstrates the importance...
We propose a novel approach for Ad-Hoc WiFi based distribution of information within large crowds of mobile users. The work is motivated by civil protection scenarios where infrastructure based communication often breaks down in cases of emergency. We follow a basic opportunistic networking approach by making use of the smartphones' built-in WiFi hotspot functionality which in combination with the...
Quick reactions and rescues are critical requirements in disaster and emergency management. However, the decision on how to react should be taken based on the correct judgment on the disaster situation. Nowadays ICT plays a pivotal role in the decision-making in disasters management. Particularly, the IoT technology is indispensable for information collection and analysis. Despite the rapid development...
Social media, such as Facebook and twitter, received much attention recently especially due to their real-time nature. For example, when an earthquake occurs, people immediately post information related to the earthquake, which enables detection of earthquake occurrence promptly, simply by observing these posts. As described in this paper, we investigate the real-time interaction of events such as...
Social media have become a primary communication channel among people and are continuously overwhelmed by huge volumes of User Generated Content. This is especially true in the aftermath of unpredictable disasters, when users report facts, descriptions and photos of the unfolding event. This material contains actionable information that can greatly help rescuers to achieve a better response to crises,...
Double homing is effective especially for disasters; and for it to succeed on telecommunications networks, two disjoint paths are assigned between two pairs; but assigning such disjoint paths is not easy because telecommunications networks are large and complicated systems. We previously proposed a method to overcome this difficulty by partitioning a network into subnetworks that never share any common...
People are using social media to a greater extent, particularly in emergency situations. However, approaches for processing and analyzing the vast quantities of data produced currently lag far behind. In this paper we discuss important steps, and the associated challenges, for processing and analyzing social media in emergencies. In our research project EmerGent, a huge volume of low-quality messages...
Radio access networks (RANs) have become an integral part of life and are especially important after disasters. However, many disasters also disrupt RANs. Disaster recovery networks connect survivors to the Internet again so that they can inform authorities about their situation, get information necessary for survival, and contact friends and family.
Evacuation routing algorithms commonly neglect the differences of evacuees in mobility, physical strength and resistance to hazard effects, and calculate routes using a single algorithm. Hence, congestion or block of paths may occur due to the diverse mobility, and unnecessary injuries or fatalities may be caused by the different resistance to hazard and fatigue. Owing to the fast-changing situation...
This paper presents a working strategy for continued development of the Smart Big Board (SBB) System begun in 2013. SBB is a combination of the words ‘Smart Technology’ and ‘ Big data’.
The dynamical and probabilistic properties of the relationships among data modelled by real-world networks have drawn extensive research from a several interdisciplinary fields. They, in fact, can successfully identify the main properties of large data-sets. However, a deep analysis of such networks is likely to generate information of little use due to their inherent complexity, as well as the inconsistencies...
One of the challenging issues in Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is achieving seamless Vertical Handover (VHO) while roaming between different technologies such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). For that the telecommunication operators will be required to develop...
Natural and man-made disasters are difficult to predict and also difficult to manage in the aftermath, if managed with traditional communication methods and technologies. The incident in Nepal has shown once again the challenges national departments have when trying to successfully gather information on the whereabouts of their citizens in a foreign country, quantifying precisely their numbers or...
This paper presents a conceptual knowledge modelling framework that aims at facilitating the decision support functions in the emergency management domain. The EDXL-based group of standards is the most complete approach to address emergency information sharing and data exchange across various actors involved in the process of disaster management. Therefore, it is selected as the central basis of knowledge...
Buildings are becoming a major subject of recent disasters resulting in huge amounts of casualty and damage costs for both public and emergency managers. Increased urbanization and complexity of contemporary structures complicates emergency response procedures and decision making especially in indoor emergency situations where much of the information stays unrevealed to emergency managers prior to...
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