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The biosensing methods utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles as bio-tags and giant magneto-resistive (GMR) or tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensors as signal detectors have attracted increasing interests in early disease diagnosis as well as in molecular biology research area. [1] To achieve the signal of targets, one commonly used method is to compare the sensor hysteresis loops before and...
Gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with silica shells, modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and finally functionalized with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are tested in cellular uptake and cell viability. Different silica shell thicknesses (5 and 30 nm) were chosen and samples were characterized both morphologically by TEM and DLS and optically by spectrophotometry. A murine macrophagic cellular line...
Due to their tunable surface plasmon and functional photothermal effects, gold nanorods (GNRs) have proved to be promising in a wide range of biomedical applications such as imaging, hyperthermia therapy and drug delivery. All these applications can be controlled by the use of near infrared (NIR) light, which can penetrate deep into human tissues with minimal invasiveness. AuNRs thus hold the potential...
The longitudinal assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) has previously been demonstrated with alkanedithiols. An analogous assembly of AuNRs has been investigated using peptides containing cysteine, demonstrating similar longitudinal interplasmon coupling to hexanedithiol assemblies. Peptides are an attractive class of molecules for AuNR functionalization due to their functional flexibility and high-throughput...
This paper describes the structure and development of a multidisciplinary, cross-campus educational program at our institution that integrates nanotechnology to the undergraduate curricula of all majors in science and engineering. With nanoscience and nanotechnology crossing the limits of research labs and finding more and more commercial applications [1], it is in our best interest as a society to...
Nano-carrier systems for in-vivo targeted delivery have the potential to make important contributions to cancer therapy. The application of layer-by-layer methods for fabricating nano-carrier encapsulation systems is a particularly promising method. This study therefore investigated the quantification of layer-by-layer quantum dot encapsulation systems using fluorescence measurements, atomic force...
We propose a novel “drop to measure” nanofluidic crystal sensing scheme with improved chip-to-chip data consistency here. Nanoparticles were self-assembled in a confined space guided by a well-designed surface chemistry treatment. The electrical readouts from different chips (n=5) varied within 4.8% (compared to 7.5% for 3 chips in the previous work). Biotin (using streptavidin -modified nanoparticles)...
Periodic dielectric structures typically require a planar waveguide to produce photonic band-edge modes for feedback in 1D distributed feedback lasers and 2D photonic crystal lasers. Photonic band-edge lasers are widely used in optics and biological applications, but limitations include low modulation speeds and diffraction-limited mode confinement. In contrast, plasmonic nanolasers can support ultrafast...
E. coli is an emerging cause of food borne and waterborne illnesses. The pathogenic serotypes produce a powerful toxin that may cause severe illness. Nanotechnology has significantly contributed to the lowering cost of waterborne E. coli bacteria elimination, using materials such as nano-scale Titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this work, using anodization method, nanotube arrays of TiO2 with 90–100 nm pore...
Crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), despite its tight junctions, is of the great importance in a plethora of medical applications. As a result, this work is dedicated to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of crossing through the BBB particularly under the effect of magnetic force. For this purpose, two cases of a coated gold nanocparticle with insulin and uncoated gold nanoparticle have been considered;...
In the last years, advanced toxicological methods and new research approaches have been proposed to improve and refine safety assessment of nanomaterials. High-throughput technologies, molecular markers, molecular imaging, and other tools originated from advanced research in nanotoxicology offer an exciting opportunity to improve the efficacy and predictivity of toxicity testing for candidate nanomedicines...
The interactions of synthetically produced gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with living organisms are getting attention in the biomedical sciences. While non-viral carriers, like GNPs, are safer and more cost-efficient than viral vectors, the efficiency of cell penetration is lower. Unmodified GNPs enter the cell through a receptor-medicated endocytosis (RME) and is encapsulated inside a double membrane...
We review here our recent studies on plasmonic enhanced photothermal effects in metallic nanostructure, and the applications of such effects. When light is shined on a prefect metamaterial absorber patterned with e-beam lithography, the gold nanoparticles (NPs) forming the absorber can be either transformed to nano-spherical-domes, or to truncated-octahedral shaped or multi-twined nanocrystals with...
Halloysite Clay nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring nanotubes composed of double layered aluminosilicate minerals with a hollow tubular structure in the nanometer range. In recent years, HNTs have attracted specific research attention as a possible new material for various biological applications, including drug and gene delivery vehicles, ultrasound contrast agents, cancer and stem cells isolation...
This work considers nanoplasmonic structures applicable in chemical and biological sensing. It offers a possible classification of these structures and an overview of the state-of-the-art sensing schemes that utilize them. It starts from the basic element, an artificial plasmonic meta-atom whose electromagnetic properties can be tailored by design. Such an element can be looked upon as an optical...
It is well known that the radiation from single nitrogen-vacancy center in a diamond which is placed on a dielectric substrate, propagates into this substrate. This catastrophic problem leads to dramatically reduction of the detected signal level. Here we apply a novel concept of all-dielectic nanoantennas to successfully overcome this problem. We proposed an original all-dielectric nanoantenna which...
Atherosclerosis, defined as the buildup of lipid-rich plaques in arterial walls, is triggered by a low-level immune response to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Current strategies target the hepatic synthesis of LDL and lack the ability to actually treat the cause of the disease, which is the body's response to the oxLDL. In this study, we have identifiied a new class of nanoparticle- (NP)...
Gold nanoparticles are at the forefront of technology advances and drug delivery applications; however, there is still little knowledge on their toxicity. Our studies use a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation to measure nanoparticle-membrane interactions. This assay allows us to look at the changes these nanoparticles have on model biological membranes in terms of frequency and dissipation...
Nanomaterials are often functionalized with biological ligands to enable their use as sensors of biological activity. However, the intricacies of nano-bio interactions are poorly understood, which hampers our ability to design nanomaterial-based sensors. Current experimental tools have been unable to visualize interactions occurring on the nano-bio interface with the spatial and temporal resolution...
The multifunctionality of uniting diagnosis and treatment in one cell level theranostic procedure is the major promise and challenge of nanoparticle medicine. The efficacy, functionality, safety and precision of a nanoparticle medicine may be radically increased by replacing materials with preset stationary properties by non-stationary on-demand nanoevents with dynamically tunable diagnostic and therapeutic...
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