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Many decision-making process models show some level of interdependency between the decision-making (DM) process and its subfunctions and the information available to that decision-making process. One example is the well-known “OODA: Observe-Orient-Decide-Act” model of Boyd [1] and another well-known example is Klein's Naturalistic or Recognition-Primed Decision model [2]. In the Information and Data...
Decision makers are often required to make decisions with incomplete information. In order to design decision support systems (DSSs) to assist decision makers in these situations, it is essential to understand why and how decision makers select their strategies. This paper presents a simulation which examines the impact of incomplete information on the effort and accuracy of decision strategies. The...
This paper discusses the results of four empirical evaluations that assess the effects that visualizing system meta-information have on decision-making, particularly on confidence, trust, workload, time and performance. These four case studies correspond to the analysis of (1) the effects that visualizing uncertainty associated with sensor values (position, speed, altitude, etc. and track quality)...
In various scenarios, agents need to exchange information about situations — either the situations they are currently in or in reference to other cir-cumstances. Assuming that agents are intelligent agents, i.e., they have their own inference capabilities, the question then is — which parts of the knowledge that an agent has need to be sent over (possibly narrow bandwidth) communication links in order...
To understand the processes involved in trust-based judgments in a computer-mediated multi-agent setting, a user interface (UI) was developed and an experiment was devised based on the Iterated Diner's Dilemma, a variation of the n-player Prisoner's Dilemma. Analysis of the experiment resulted in two major findings: (1) UI composition and information presentation have an impact on human trust and...
The web has evolved in a scale free manner, with available information about different entities developing in different forms, different locations, and at massive scales. This paper addresses the cognitive limitations that information analysts typically experience as they approach the boundaries where automated analysis algorithms are sorely needed. An experiment is conducted to explore information...
The present study investigates the visual ergonomics of different instrument shapes and colors based on event-related-potential. Two color combinations of the dial scales were used, which were named G-dials and B-dials respectively under each dial shape. Fifteen participants took part in the experiments. The two groups of dials were used as target stimuli respectively with P300 recorded. The participants...
Visua l estimations of target attributes in a realworld environment are highly context-dependent when the estimations are provided by human observers. For example, the accuracy of an individual estimating the age, height, or weight of another person is dependent upon environmental (e.g., viewing distance), observer (e.g., age/height/weight), and target (e.g., clothing, gate) factors. Prior efforts...
The purpose of this research was to answer the following central questions: 1) How accurate are human observers at predicting the behavior of cyclists as the cyclists approached a crossing? 2) If the accuracy is reliably better than chance, what cues were used to make the predictions? 3) At what distance from the crossing did the most critical cues occur? 4) Can the cues be used in a model that can...
In the context of interactive and automated vehicles, driver situation awareness becomes an increasingly important consideration for future traffic systems, whether it concerns the current status of the vehicle or the surrounding environment. Here, we present a simulator study investigating whether the apparent intelligence — i.e. intelligence as perceived by the driver, which is distinct from how...
This paper describes an adaptive fusion human-machine system supporting an analyst in recognizing threat. The system is designed in the framework of Transferable Belief Model for processing complex unreliable and uncertain data streams coming from multiple sources to improve threat recognition and detect new “unknown” threat. The focus of the paper is on the latter: designing a method of detection...
Combat Information Centres (CIC) of German Navy ships are equipped with highly advanced command and control systems. Due to different task domains the command and control processes are characterized by a high complexity that might affect the operators' workload and consequently the error rate in the workflow. In addition, the command and control systems, which are controlled with a high level of automation,...
Lack of (semi)automatic mechanisms for service classification in the Universal Description Discovery and Integration repositories and non utilization of explicit or implicit semantic information of a service during its publishing are the two major challenges in the area of web service discovery and selection. We propose a semantic model of human-machine collaboration for the classification, discovery...
Proficient attention allocation is a vital component of effective mission performance in complex mission scenarios. This study intends to develop an attention allocation tool for a complex supervisory control mission scenario with teams of heterogeneous robots. A task manager display with a simple first-come-first-serve (FCFS) attention allocation strategy was developed to evaluate if the tool can...
As a prerequisite to supporting situation assessment and awareness tasks, information about considered situations must be adequately represented in respective support systems. A meaningful representation can be provided by world modeling systems like the Object-Oriented World Model (OOWM). The OOWM models the current state of an application domain based on observed information while relying on domain...
The choice of appropriate actions by university administrators to prevent violence threat on campuses requires an in-depth understanding of the current situation. For an administrator to take an appropriate action to prevent an impending violence, an analysis of the situation is needed. The analysis consists of higher-level reasoning techniques to estimate the consequences for executing actions. This...
Supervisory control of complex teams of autonomous systems, itself may require levels of autonomous decision making. A single human operator or a small number of operators attempting to maintain situational awareness and control over a large number of autonomous units may require automated assistance in overseeing such a team. This assistance may range from attention management services to outright...
In this paper preliminary findings are presented from applying Work Domain Analysis (WDA) [33], [23], the first phase of the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework [33], [23] to the network management domain for the purpose of investigating situation awareness in a network administration team. Our findings suggest that several different strategies are needed to model the problem in different ways.
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