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An ad hoc unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) network operates as an intermittently connected mobile delay tolerant network (DTN). In this paper, we develop a mobility estimation algorithm that can be coupled with a cooperative communication routing algorithm to provide a basis for real time path planning in UGV-DTNs. A Gauss-Markov state space model is used for the node dynamics. The nonlinear measurement...
In various scenarios, agents need to exchange information about situations — either the situations they are currently in or in reference to other cir-cumstances. Assuming that agents are intelligent agents, i.e., they have their own inference capabilities, the question then is — which parts of the knowledge that an agent has need to be sent over (possibly narrow bandwidth) communication links in order...
In control center applications, such as road and air traffic management, a human operator's situation awareness (SAW) is of prime relevance. Operators need to assess critical situations emerging in that environment in order to undertake the appropriate (counter)actions, which becomes increasingly difficult w.r.t. today's rapidly changing and information-rich envi-ronments. Whereas automated SAW systems...
One of the inherit features of cognitive situation awareness and decision support processes is that they are context-dependent. This is hardly disputed by anybody, but as soon one wants to understand what this context dependency means, or even more, what is context and how it relates to a situation then we have to admit that no common understanding exists on those categories. The objective of this...
This paper discusses the results of four empirical evaluations that assess the effects that visualizing system meta-information have on decision-making, particularly on confidence, trust, workload, time and performance. These four case studies correspond to the analysis of (1) the effects that visualizing uncertainty associated with sensor values (position, speed, altitude, etc. and track quality)...
Decision makers are often required to make decisions with incomplete information. In order to design decision support systems (DSSs) to assist decision makers in these situations, it is essential to understand why and how decision makers select their strategies. This paper presents a simulation which examines the impact of incomplete information on the effort and accuracy of decision strategies. The...
Many decision-making process models show some level of interdependency between the decision-making (DM) process and its subfunctions and the information available to that decision-making process. One example is the well-known “OODA: Observe-Orient-Decide-Act” model of Boyd [1] and another well-known example is Klein's Naturalistic or Recognition-Primed Decision model [2]. In the Information and Data...
The purpose of this research was to answer the following central questions: 1) How accurate are human observers at predicting the behavior of cyclists as the cyclists approached a crossing? 2) If the accuracy is reliably better than chance, what cues were used to make the predictions? 3) At what distance from the crossing did the most critical cues occur? 4) Can the cues be used in a model that can...
Lack of (semi)automatic mechanisms for service classification in the Universal Description Discovery and Integration repositories and non utilization of explicit or implicit semantic information of a service during its publishing are the two major challenges in the area of web service discovery and selection. We propose a semantic model of human-machine collaboration for the classification, discovery...
A type of services that require human physical actions and intelligent decision making exists in various real fields, such as nursing in hospitals and caregiving in nursing homes. The authors' group call such services “physical and adaptive intelligent services,” and is developing an IT-based system that is aims to assist cooperation and knowledge sharing among staffs. In this paper, we propose a...
The choice of appropriate actions by university administrators to prevent violence threat on campuses requires an in-depth understanding of the current situation. For an administrator to take an appropriate action to prevent an impending violence, an analysis of the situation is needed. The analysis consists of higher-level reasoning techniques to estimate the consequences for executing actions. This...
We present a prototype sensor web that uses multiagent, Web, and Semantic Web technologies so that users may maintain awareness of the evolving weather situation as it relates to an activity in which they engage, in this case running. We apply Devlin's theory of information flow to explain how this system allows a user to maintain situation awareness. Ontologies are critical in this account for the...
In this paper preliminary findings are presented from applying Work Domain Analysis (WDA) [33], [23], the first phase of the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework [33], [23] to the network management domain for the purpose of investigating situation awareness in a network administration team. Our findings suggest that several different strategies are needed to model the problem in different ways.
Supervisory control of complex teams of autonomous systems, itself may require levels of autonomous decision making. A single human operator or a small number of operators attempting to maintain situational awareness and control over a large number of autonomous units may require automated assistance in overseeing such a team. This assistance may range from attention management services to outright...
Today's surveillance systems are very powerful in performing the process of object assessment, i.e., to estimate an object's position and attributes over time. However, the interpretation of the object's behavior, i.e., the situation assessment process, is still done by human experts. In this article, we describe an approach of how expert knowledge about situations of interest can be modeled in a...
In this paper, we propose an auxiliary Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) integrated system for maritime situational awareness (MSA) operations. We bring into account a new and influential asset — human intuition and perception — to the existing semi-automated decision support systems that mostly rely on numerical data collected by electronic sensors or cameras located either...
In the context of interactive and automated vehicles, driver situation awareness becomes an increasingly important consideration for future traffic systems, whether it concerns the current status of the vehicle or the surrounding environment. Here, we present a simulator study investigating whether the apparent intelligence — i.e. intelligence as perceived by the driver, which is distinct from how...
The main purpose of workload measurement is to identify conditions for overload so that they can be avoided by design. The operators' workload peak is difficult to measure by subjective evaluation. Pupil diameter is widely used as a factor to measure workload sensitively, so it's necessary to study the relationship between the workload peak and pupil diameter measurement. Eight trials were designed...
Digital policy management forms the backbone of policy based management paradigm. This paradigm is useful for cognitive systems that address situation awareness, common operating picture, smart networks, and cost effective and efficient operations. Our research in this emerging area has provided a detailed view of what the internal structure of a digital policy looks like, and what functions the digital...
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