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In this paper, we present three different compartmental models to model the pharmacokinetics of Indocyanine green (ICG) in cancerous tumors. We introduce a systematic and robust method to analyze ICG pharmacokinetics based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) framework. We introduced information theoretic criteria for best compartmental model selection in terms of statistical fit. We tested our approach...
TNFalpha stimulates SPHK in the monocyte, which leads to the expression of adhesion molecules on the cell surface. The adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium is one of the early stages of the onset of atherosclerosis. In this paper, we have delineated the TNFalpha-induced and SPHK-dependent signaling pathway. In addition, we have developed a biomathematical model to qualify the SPHK time-dependent...
Because of the overwhelming scattering of light in biological tissues, the spatial resolution and imaging depth of conventional fluorescent imaging is unsatisfactory. Therefore, we present a dual modality imaging technique by combining fluorescence imaging with high-resolution noninvasive photoacoustic tomography (PAT) for the study of an animal tumor model. PAT provides high-resolution structural...
We used sub-terahertz (THz) imaging to exam two cross sections of epithelial cancer tissue embedded in paraffin using a 0.19 THz electromagnetic wave. The sub-THz imaging system was constructed with a tunnel injection transit time (TUNNETT) diode, a Schottky barrier diode detector and a X-Z stage. We examined the difference between a sub-THz wave absorption in melanoma and nevus tissue
Small animal imaging systems now allow researchers to non-invasively monitor the progression of diseases in living small animals and study the efficacy of drugs and treatment protocols. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established imaging modality capable of obtaining high resolution anatomical images which are sensitive to blood volume, blood flow, and metabolic rate of oxygen. Optical tomography,...
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has become a viable alternative for treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumors. We evaluated the effects of presence of a large blood vessel and its distance to the tumor on lesion size during HIFU heating. A finite element method (FEM) was used to obtain the temperature distribution for a transfer equation based on large blood vessels convection effect...
By cutting a spherical focused transducer into two coaxial and confocal transducer elements, a confocal complex transducer used in dual-frequency HIFU system was obtained. The lesion induced by dual-frequency HIFU in freshly excised porcine livers were obviously larger than that induced by conventional single-frequency HIFU at the same exposure conditions. The experiment results have also shown that...
This paper discusses new methods to control the heating pattern of the prototype resonant cavity applicator for deep tumor hyperthermia treatment. We have already confirmed the effectiveness of the developed heating system with experiments using agar phantoms and computer simulations. Here, the following two methods to control the heating pattern were proposed. In the first method, a human body, which...
A CW type handheld near infrared tissue oximeter called P-Scan tissue imager was developed for real time imaging of tissue oxygen saturation ([StO2]) and hemoglobin concentration ([Hbt]). The probe consists of eight dual-wavelength light sources (690 nm and 830 nm) and eight photon detectors forming a 2.5 cm times 2.5 cm matrix. The local tissue oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration was calculated...
Functional imaging has the potential to be a practical and widely-available method of studying the pathophysiology of disease using modern CT and MRI technologies. With the high temporal resolution achievable by these technologies, a two-compartment distributed-parameter model, which more accurate represents the tracer concentration within the vascular space, was applied on two patients' data with...
A new thermal system for tumor treatment was designed to enhance the curative effects while minimizing invasion to the surrounding healthy tissue. This system includes LN2 cryosurgery and RF ablation, which can be used separately or simultaneously. A heat transfer model describing the thermal field during treatments was established. The SAR distribution was assumed to be resulted from an infinite...
Hyperthermia is one of the modalities for cancer treatment, utilizing the difference of thermal sensitivity between tumor and normal tissue. The authors have developed a coaxial-slot antenna for microwave hyperthermia. In this paper, calculated results of temperature distributions around the coaxial-slot antenna for the treatment of brain tumor and bile duct carcinoma are described
This paper reported the identification and mechanism of dynamic mass redistribution in living cells mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation using resonant waveguide grating (RWG) biosensors. In response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells gave rise to a dynamic response due to dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) in the cells. The...
For the gentle and non-destructive characterisation of small tissue samples, non-invasive methods are required for biotechnological applications and medical diagnostics. One approach is the characterisation of small tissue samples by impedance spectroscopy using a measuring capillary. In this paper, the applicability of a capillary measuring system to record the impedance of a biological sample over...
We evaluated three non-invasive method, thermography, laser Doppler imaging and near infrared multi-spectral imaging to quantitatively assess parameters of vascularity in Kaposi's sarcoma. The KS lesion generally has increased temperature, blood velocity and blood deoxy-hemoglobin. There is a strong correlation between temperature and blood velocity (R= 81, p<0.001). After treatment with experimental...
To explore the characteristics of thermo-source of breast tumors on thermal texture maps. Compared with the histological results, thermo-source characteristics on TTM in 106 cases with breast mass, who would undergo breast surgery, were analyzed according to the parameters such as the depth, morphology, structure, and temperatures of abnormal heat foci in order to find the differences between benign...
This is a review of the state of the art in two important modalities thermal and electrical properties of living tissues - that are complementary from the point of view of medical diagnostics. Advantages and limitations of IR thermal imaging and electroimpedance measurements, including tomography procedures are discussed. Properties of both modalities are compared from the point of view of skin burn...
Nanometer-sized particles have novel optical, electronic, and structural properties that are not available from either individual molecules or bulk solids. When linked with tumor targeting ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, these nanoparticles can be used to target tumor antigens (biomarkers) as well as tumor vasculatures with high affinity and specificity. In the "mesoscopic" size range...
Renal tumors are classified into histopathologic subtypes based on light microscopy. Classification is important because subtypes have distinct genetic abnormalities and clinical behavior, yet is difficult because many cases have heterogeneous morphology. Thus, several molecular assays have been developed for tumor classification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) permits correlation of molecular data with...
A cell-to-cell fusion technique using 3-D microelectrodes array microchip has been developed. It permits cell-to-cell fusion operation in large amount simultaneously. And it needs much lower voltage (alternating voltage and pulse voltage) than the conventional cell fusion techniques. An array of 16 (4times4) microelectrodes can be fabricated on a 1times1cm silicon wafer. And an experimental system,...
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