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Androgens are anabolic hormones that affect many tissues, including bone. However, an anabolic effect of androgen treatment on bone in eugonadal subjects has not been observed and clinical trials have been disappointing. The androgen receptor (AR) mediates biological responses to androgens. In bone tissue, both AR and the estrogen receptor (ER) are expressed. Since androgens can be converted into...
Identification of a reliable marker of skeletal precursor cells within calcified and soft tissues remains a major challenge for the field. To address this, we used a transgenic model in which osteoblasts can be eliminated by pharmacological treatment. Following osteoblast ablation a dramatic increase in a population of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells was observed. During early recovery...
Gingival squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) frequently invade the mandible or maxilla, and this invasion is associated with a worse prognosis. Although previous studies have suggested that bone destruction caused by gingival SCC is mediated by osteoclastic bone resorption rather than by tumor cells directly, the mechanism underlying the bone invasion remains poorly understood. We histopathologically...
Activation of the excitatory neurotransmitter N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and stretching both increase Ca 2+ influx in osteoblastic cells. We postulated that NMDA would enhance the osteoblastic cell's response to stretching. The goal of this study was to investigate, in the presence of the neurotransmitter NMDA, the effect of mechanical loading on osteoblast's stage of differentiation and...
An emerging strategy in the regeneration and repair of bone is to use stem cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which are the most investigated and reliable source for tissue engineering, as well as circulating skeletal stem/progenitor cells, which are receiving abundant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ease of isolation and high osteogenic potential. Because failures...
Osteochondrosis (OC) is an important developmental orthopedic disease of human and equine patients. The disease is defined as a focal disturbance in enchondral ossification. In horses, the disturbance can occur secondary to failure of the blood supply to growth cartilage. Diagnosis of the early, subclinical stages that can clarify the etiology is currently confined to cross-sectional histological...
Studies in genetically modified mice have highlighted the importance of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis during skeletal development and the maintenance of adult bone. Recently, the conventional view that skeletal responses to abnormal thyroid status result solely from altered T3 action in bone has been complicated by studies proposing TSH as a negative regulator of bone turnover. Although...
The mammalian skeleton consists of bones that are formed in two different ways: long bones via endochondral ossification and flat bones via intramembranous ossification. These different formation modes may result in differences in the composition of the two bone types. Using the 2D-difference in gel electrophoresis technique and mass spectrometry, we analyzed the composition of murine mineral-associated...
Osseous involvement in Hodgkin's lymphoma is uncommon. The most common location is vertebral, primarily in the thoracolumbar region, followed by pelvis, ribs, femur, sternum, clavicle and skull in decreasing incidence. We herein illustrate the salient features of the disease citing a case of a disseminated Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a large ulcerofungating sternal mass mimicking chronic tubercular...
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a skeletal disorder characterized by ischemic deterioration, bone marrow edema and eventually femoral head collapse. The systemic regulation of ONFH in adult patients has not been examined. Serum proteomic is an innovative tool that potentially detects simultaneous expressions of serum proteins in pathological contexts. We compared the serum proteome profiles...
In the growth plate, the reserve and perichondral zones have been hypothesized to have similar functions, but their exact functions are poorly understood. Our hypothesis was that significant differential gene expression exists between perichondral and reserve chondrocytes that may differentiate the respective functions of these two zones. Normal Sprague-Dawley rat growth plate chondrocytes from the...
Fracture risk is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and with other indices of bone strength, including hip geometry. While the heritability and associated fracture risk of BMD are well described, less is known about genetic influences of bone geometry. We derived hip structural phenotypes using the Hip Structural Analysis program (HSA) and performed autosome-wide linkage analysis of hip geometric...
Osteon diameter is generally smaller in bone regions that experience larger strains. A mechanism relating osteon diameter to strain is as yet unknown. We propose that strain-induced osteocyte signals inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. This mechanism was previously shown to produce load-aligned osteons in computer simulations. Now we find that it also predicts smaller osteon diameter for higher...
External mechanical forces on cells are known to influence cytoskeletal structure and thus cell shape. Mechanical loading in long bones is unidirectional along their long axes, whereas the calvariae are loaded at much lower amplitudes in different directions. We hypothesised that if osteocytes, the putative bone mechanosensors, can indeed sense matrix strains directly via their cytoskeleton, the 3D...
Here we report on a new case of human aromatase deficiency in a man of 26 years of age and present the results of five year follow-up during trandermal estradiol (tE 2 ) substitution, focusing on bone growth and mineralization. The lack of patient's compliance to tE 2 treatment, resulting in low but detectable serum estradiol levels, provides helpful information about the physiological...
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