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We systematically investigated the impact of R and C scaling to 7nm node (N7) by accounting for FEOL and BEOL holistically. Speed-power performance of plainly scaled N7 turns out to be degraded compared to previous node. BEOL wire resistance (Rwire) multiplied by logic gate input pin cap (Cpin), Rwire×Cpin, is identified as a major limiter of performance and power at N7. Reducing Cpin is crucial to...
We systematically investigated the impact of R and C scaling to 7nm node (N7) by accounting for FEOL and BEOL holistically. Speed-power performance of plainly scaled N7 turns out to be degraded compared to previous node. BEOL wire resistance (Rwire) multiplied by logic gate input pin cap (Cpin), Rwire×Cpin, is identified as a major limiter of performance and power at N7. Reducing Cpin is crucial to...
A new microsystem is presented which is able to diagnose bearing faults completely autonomous using vibration and temperature measurements. The heart of the microsystem is a 16-Bit digital signal processor (DSP) which can operate up to 100 MIPS (million instructions per second). It is able to calculate the diagnosis result including necessary Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT), envelope calculations and...
This chapter provides a brief history of solid‐state lighting (SSL): key materials and device breakthroughs; the state‐of‐the‐art device and lamp architectures that those breakthroughs have enabled; and the dominant system applications that those device and lamp architectures have enabled. The state‐of‐the‐art SSL architecture is based on blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) combined with green, yellow,...
A cost competitive 20nm technology node is described that enabled industry-first 20nm cellular modem chip with 2× peak data rates vs 28nm, and 2× carrier aggregation. Process and design enhancements for layout context optimization, and continuous process improvements resulted in 18% boost in circuit performance while simultaneously achieving >30% power reduction. 3 mask local interconnect and 64nm...
The form factor of mobile devices and their associated thermal dissipation characteristics present practical limits to SoC (and specifically CPU) power consumption. Multiple maximum temperature constraints interact with the thermal “time constant” of package and product to limit allowable die temperature. This can constrain maximum CPU frequency in real use cases. The co-design of product and process...
InGaN quantum dots at high densities (∼1011 dots/cm2) are demonstrated using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition combined with post growth processing of InGaN materials. Optical and structural studies are performed to characterize InGaN quantum dots.
We report exciton-polariton laser operation under electrical pumping. The hybrid light-matter nature of this lasing system is probed by measuring the exciton-polariton Zeeman-splitting, which clearly reveals that this laser remains in the strong coupling regime.
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles. They are composite and interacting bosons which can condense dynamically in a single-particle ground state via stimulated scattering. The formation of exciton-polaritons under electrical pumping has been demonstrated in quasi two dimensional systems [1–3]. In this work, we discuss the non-linear polariton emission caused by stimulated scattering...
The development of compact and low-cost coherent light sources is desirable for applications in sensing and photonic signal processing. Polymeric microcavities offer great potential in this field as they show low lasing-thresholds and their fabrication process is suitable for mass production.
This Paper describes a clustering approach to be used for incoming data under computational constraints at an early stage of the signal processing chain. The algorithm is evaluated on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MIT) and the European ST-T-Database (EDB) using a pseudo classification method to estimate the beat identification rates. The algorithm allows an extensive computational simplification,...
We perform femtosecond direct laser writing at repetition rates between 1 kHz and 80 MHz. From the observed weak dependence of the threshold power on the repetition rate, we conclude that no fundamentally different structuring regimes exist.
This paper provides a polynomial approach applied to the Hodgdon model to describe the Hysteresis Loops of Silicon Iron (SiFe). The approach provides a closed-form expression for the branches of the Hysteresis Loop, which allows extensive parameter sweeps to adjust the parameters. Thus a huge number of variations can be calculated in a short period of time.
The F-SAR airborne SAR instrument represents the successor of the E-SAR system of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), which had previously been extensively used over the last three decades. Its development was triggered by the current demand for simultaneous acquisitions at different wavelengths and polarisations as well as by the demand for very high resolution in the order of decimetres. F-SAR is...
Direct laser writing optical lithography using light-induced depletion allows for fabricating structures beyond the diffraction limit. We investigate the depletion mechanisms of the photoinitiator DETC aiming at optimizing future photoresists.
As a result of potential damage to our national infrastructure due to cyber attacks, a number of cyber-security bills have been introduced in Congress and a National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyber-space has been developed by the White House; a component of this strategy is the development of models to assess risks due to cyber incidents. A worm attack on a network is one type of attack that...
Inductively coupled resonant sensors (ICR) are a class of wireless, passive sensors which can be used to monitor environmental parameters. Thereby a measurand alters the sensor resonance frequency through an inductance, capacitance and/or resistance change. When performing frequency domain measurements with a detection coil its parasitic capacitance and coupling factor influence onto the evaluated...
The F-SAR airborne SAR instrument represents the successor of the E-SAR system of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), which has been extensively used in the last three decades. Its development was triggered by the current demand for data being simultaneously acquired at different wavelengths and polarisations as well as by the demand for very high resolution in the order of decimetres. F-SAR is a modular...
In this paper a humidity sensor concept is presented which is fully fabricated by inkjet printing. In the first step conductive finger electrodes are inkjet printed on flexible polyimide substrate with a silver neodecanoate based ink. Afterwards a humidity sensitive layer is printed upon using a polymer particle based ink. Two approaches are presented for minimizing the line width of the electrode...
We argue that it is time to design, implement, and deploy a trusted public randomness server on the Internet. NIST plans to deploy a prototype during 2011. We discuss some of the engineering choices that have been made as well as some of the issues currently under discussion.
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