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Aim
To examine the possible gene‐environment interactions between 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms and environmental factors that could modify the probability of chronic kidney disease.
Methods
A case‐control study was conducted involving 600 people with type 2 diabetes (300 chronic kidney disease cases, 300 controls) who participated in The Malaysian Cohort project. Retrospective subanalysis...
The proposed antenna is implemented for three bands operation system modern global system for mobile (GSM), microwave worldwide interoperability (WiMAX), and local area network (WLAN). The designed antenna consisted of a low profile square-ring planar microstrip antenna, with dimensions of 37×37 mm2. The antenna operates at 1.8 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.5 GHz frequencies for GSM, WiMAX and WLAN characteristics...
The validity of sensed data that labels the change events plays the most important role in the accuracy and reliability of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications to assure data quality for perfect decision making. In this study, we suggested and implemented a sensor data validation approach based on adaptive threshold for real-time IOT/WSN sensor node level....
In corona-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), nodes that are positioned in coronas near the sink drain their energy faster than others as they are burdened with relaying traffic come from distant coronas forming energy holes in the network. This situation shows significant effects on the network efficiency in terms of lifetime and energy consumption. The network may stop operation prematurely even...
Range-free localization enables the sensor node to determine its position by using the information inside the packets from other nodes in the network. However, these sensor nodes broadcast their packet without considering energy consumption during localization phase. Moreover, none of the past works consider the unbalanced energy consumption experience by the nodes specifically near to the anchor...
A performance comparison and analysis between two dielectric substrates with different permittivity for square slot patch antenna is presented in this paper. The reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), bandwidth and gain performances of the proposed antenna at 5.5 GHz have been thoroughly investigated. The antenna is realized using a square patch printed on a dielectric substrate...
This paper presents a small size UWB patch antenna with two notch filters. U-shaped and J-shaped slots are loaded in the patch of the antenna for WiMAX and WLAN frequency band rejection. The antenna is simulated using the commercially available CST Microwave Studio software. The slots dimensions are systematically adjusted and optimized to achieve the desired band rejection responses. The achieved...
In this paper a design of a Triple Band Off-Centre-Fed Microstrip Antenna (TBOCFMA) with dual radiation patch on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology operating at 5.8 GHz, 6.3 GHz and 10 GHz frequency band is presented. This paper develops dual radiating patch with the aperture slot at the ground between second radiation patch that has been fed with off-centred feedline technique to...
Studies on the performance of an aperture coupled microstrip line-fed patch antennas on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) operating at unlicensed 5.8 GHz frequency band is presented. Observation on the controlling parameters of the aperture coupled antenna on LTCC is conducted to investigate the effect of aperture slot at various layers with different height. The proposed concept of this idea...
The objective of this paper is to study the radiation performance of mobile handsets antenna by using the hybrid method between the Finite-Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD), as applied to computational electromagnetic studies, e.g. antenna scattering modelling problems. An application of modified equivalent surface boundary using the hybrid FEM-FDTD technique is presented...
A novel broadband design of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed T-shape slot antenna is proposed and experimentally studied. The antenna impedance and bandwidth are studied as function of substrate dielectric constant and shrinkage factor. The obtained results show that the impedance bandwidth, determined by 10-dB return loss, of the proposed slot antenna can be as large as 800 MHz or about 13% centered...
The study on Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) has been widely investigated due to its potential as an advanced approach for packaging of electronics devices. This paper evaluates and discusses about the firing temperatures effect on the densification, thermal and electrical properties of the prepared LTCC material. The LTCC tape, which consists mostly of Al2O3 was fabricated using tape casting...
The paper presents the design of Interdigital Band Pass Filter (IBPF) for WLAN applications at center frequency 2.45GHz. It was designed using a 3D EM simulation tool and fabricated on substrate Ferro A6S by using in-house process of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology. Simulated and measured results were presented. The pass band insertion loss of the filter was measured to be -1.66dB...
This paper presents a top-down design of the microstrip coupled line Band pass filter (BPF) embedded in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) for 5 GHz wireless LAN applications. It includes the design, simulation, fabrication and measurements. The filter circuit was designed and simulated based on Agilent Advanced Automation (ADS2005A) software. Then, the physical dimensions of components and the...
A top-down detail design of a 5 GHz micro strip coupled line band pass filter in LTCC is presented in this paper. LTCC, which stands for low temperature co-fired ceramic is especially used for wireless and high-frequency applications. Now, the importance of LTCC is becoming more prominent in views of the fact a lot organizations has been funding R&D-projects regarding this new technology that...
Metallization provides electrical routing and serves as thermal via in LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) technology. High electrical and thermal conductivity is desirable. It is often achieved with the use of low electrical resistance materials, such as gold, silver and copper. The conductive paste made of these materials is expensive. Hence, the fabrication of LTCC has to be performance-wise...
This paper reports the effect of firing temperature on the physical properties of the Al2O3-SiO2 based LTCC materials for RF applications. Al2O3-SiO2 material in the form of tape was prepared using mixed oxide method. The prepared tape was than laminated and fired at different firing temperatures in the range of 840 to 960degC. The physical properties of all samples were fully characterized, such...
This paper described the Low Technology Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) design methodology at TMRND based on FDTD EM simulations that are required when designing the RF/microwave circuit. In this paper, 3D EM analysis and optimization with Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) software Empire XcCeltrade from IMST was applied to achieve accurate modeling of the RF/microwave circuit using LTCC technology. A multilayer...
As substrates for microelectronic devices, LTCC tape must have excellent combination of dielectric and thermal properties. This paper reports the grain size effect on the dielectric and thermal performance of alumina based LTCC tape. LTCC tape was prepared using tape-casting technique, then fired up to 850degC. The dielectric and thermal performance of the fired LTCC tape was carried out using impedance...
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