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Split-path data driven dynamic logic (SPD3L) is used wherever low power design is desired. It uses subset of input signals instead of global clock to maintain the correct pre-charge and evaluation phases. Elimination of clock network results in substantial reduction in power dissipation compared to dynamic domino logic. In this work, two 6×6 booth multipliers are implemented in 1.8V 0.18um CMOS technology,...
In Multi-VDD system, Level Converter (LC) is used to convert one voltage level to another level (i.e. high to low and low to high). Power gating is an approach to reduce the dynamic and standby leakage in the present day System on Chip (SoC) design. As we go lower down the technology node problem of ground bouncing starts to dominate the system. It leads to various kinds of errors especially the functional...
Top contact organic thin-film field effect transistors based on regioregular poly(3-butylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3BT), poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3DDT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) of similar concentration were fabricated by spin coating technique. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of these three different polymer based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were studied...
Clock Distribution has played a key role in designing the synchronous systems. Even with the systems moving towards Globally Asynchronous and Locally Synchronous (GALS) a need for low power clock distribution network exists as it consumes a major portion of the circuit power. In this paper we demonstrate the effect of various level converters on clock distribution networks. Also we propose a novel...
The power gating is a technique to reduce leakage power in standby mode by using Sleep switch. In power gating, the circuit suffers the ground bouncing due to the switching of the Sleep Transistor from standby mode to active mode. In this paper, we have presented a four step power gating technique for further reducing the Ground/Power bouncing. This technique not only controls the bouncing but also...
The delay length locked loop in use is restructured for improving its performance and for providing more useful peripheral data and signals meeting the demands of several applications. The performance improved DLLL accepts any complex periodic waveform such as the continuous wave signals used in BPSK streams. The BPSK schemes are invariably used in selected digital communication systems using the...
An organic thin film transistor (OTFT) based on chemically synthesized poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) is successfully fabricated and I–V characteristics of the device is measured at room temperature. The key performance parameters such as ON/OFF ratio, threshold voltage, carrier mobility, conductivity and transconductance are extracted through the I–V characteristics of OTFT and discussed in the paper.
PWLL, the p-Wave Locked Loop, helps determining instantaneously the p to p time interval of the ECG and enables us to perform heart rate variability studies with p_p variation. In the previous PWLL circuit, the prefixed delay given for changing over from r-wave to p-wave might fail to work for certain abnormal p_p variations present in ECGs. In this improved version of the PWLL, the time duration...
Utilization of renewable energy resources is gaining momentum in several countries. Establishment of distributed renewable energy plants would cover the regional needs of the country besides sharing the power distribution with other parts of the country. For implementing this establishment, the country is proposed to be divided into several power regions named as cells or nodes and one or more renewable...
Network vulnerabilities are present in every system. Network technology advances so rapidly that it can be very difficult to eradicate vulnerabilities altogether; the best one can hope for, in many cases, is simply to minimize them. ACO is a member of ant colony algorithms family, in swarm intelligence methods, and it constitutes some meta-heuristic optimizations. By applying the concept of ACO in...
Experiments on flow boiling were conducted in straight and stepped fin microchannels. The test vehicles were made from copper with a footprint area of 25mm × 25mm. The microchannels were formed by wire cut Electro Discharge Machining process and have surface roughness (Ra) of about 2.0 µm. Tests were performed on channels having nominal width of 300 µm and a nominal aspect ratio of 4 over different...
Two symmetrically corrugated diaphragms are bonded to form a capsule of special structure and this is used for sensing displacement caused by applied pressure. The displacement is converted into equivalent capacitance by optimally fixed stack of plates and an electrical signal is picked up from it proportional to capacitance. This signal picked up is then calibrated for pressure acting on the capsules...
In the neutral Beam Injector (NBI) systems, Cu-Cr-Zr alloy having constituents in the range of 0.6 – 0.8 % in Cr, 0.07 – 0.15 % in Zr, forms the key constituent of the high heat flux components. Applications manifest in swirl tubes (rectangular, circular) and Heat Transfer Elements (more conventionally known as hypervapotrons).
In heart rate variability studies PWLL the p-Wave Locked Loop, is used to determine instantaneously the p-p time interval of the ECG. The reported version of the PWLL needs the user to operate a manual switch as to changeover from the r-r pickup to p-p determination and locking. In order to make this changeover an automatic issue this paper proposes a modification to the PWLL such that no additional...
With the emergence of new high-speed data standards, such as the IEEE 802.3ba, the clock rate on individual channels can go up to 10 Gbps creating the need for highly efficient encoding schemes. One such scheme is the 64b/66b. An undesired effect of using encoding schemes is the spreading of signal power to higher harmonics, thereby requiring greater bandwidth to transmit the signal. A clear understanding...
The environments such as inaccessible places in forests and deserts obstruct free access to human beings and call for remote access by electronic means to get the geographical nature. This research project deals with the establishment of a system for remotely sensing and gathering the information. Three locations, which reveal the geography in a better manner is decided first and three portable radars...
This paper presents an overview of MOS device characteristics and its use as voltage controlled resistors. A modified gate driving mechanism is proposed to enhance the MOS resistor properties. Generally, MOS resistors behave linearly only for a small value of Drain-to-Source voltage (VDS). With the new scheme, the non-linearity that arises out of its dependence on VDS is removed and the linearity...
This project proposes a scheme with designed apparatus to meet the major electrical energy needs of an island such as North Cyprus by using renewable energy resources. Firstly, on residential sector, a cost effective modular dual energy unit extracting solar and wind energy is to be installed in every residential house of the island. Secondly, for satisfying for trade and commercial requirements a...
Design highlights of a ldquoThree-wheeled Autonomous Navigational Robotrdquo are presented in this paper. An efficient modular architecture is proposed for ease of adding various modules to the robot. Obstacle detection, pattern recognition and obstacle avoidance are the key aspects of the design. The robot has intelligence built into it that enables it to recognize and pick up balls of a particular...
A multi-lingual TV system needs to broadcast the video with audio appearing in more than one language. In the receiver it gives option to the viewer to choose the desired language for his audio. This paper reports the realization of a TV channel incorporating six audio tracks needed for transmitting three stereo sounds. Four tracks of the audio are adaptive delta modulated and inserted in the Hsync...
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