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This paper presents an idea about detection of microbends in optical fiber using Femtophotography. Femtophotography is a technology, which deals with high speed photography up to 1,000,000,000,000 frames per seconds. When light collides with microbend, it gets scattered. Microbends can be detected by measuring the scattering of photons. The scattering of meridional rays, which propagates in core only,...
Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) has been adopted by the latest video coding standard H.264 as one of its entropy encoding techniques. In this paper, VLSI architecture for implementing CAVLC decoder is proposed. The proposed architecture takes into consideration the bit-rate requirements of H.264 without compromising the area. When implemented in Xilinx 10.1i, Virtex-4 technology,...
A single expression of directivity for arbitrary planar antenna array is derived in closed form. Element Pattern in the array is taken as sinμθcosυθ, {μ > −1, θ > − 1/2;}. Other parameters of this expression are location, excitation amplitude and phase of each element. The expression is derived from the definition of Directivity. As this work does not assume any special lattice of array and...
A novel, compact and dual polarized ring Sectoral Monopole Antenna (RSMA) with defected ground is presented for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. Present structure has been derived from the circular monopole antenna to accomplish dual polarization characteristics without much change in the impedance band width, radiation pattern (quasi Omni-directional) and other antenna characteristics. Proposed...
Tox scaling, which is otherwise saturated, is expected to get improved by the use of quantum dots in the floating gate layer of flash memory devices. Silicon quantum dots serve the task of multiple charge storage nodes and allow the use of ultra-thin tunnel oxides. Here, conventional Floating Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor (FGMOS) gate stack capacitor is compared with similar structure where silicon...
This paper investigates the performance of a differential phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation (DPSK-SIM) based free space optical (FSO) communication system over strong atmospheric turbulence channel with pointing errors. Novel closed-form analytical expressions are derived for average bit error rate (BER), channel capacity and outage probability. The simulated results for average BER,...
In this paper, a non linear adaptive Gaussian de-noising method for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is proposed. DTI image are of poor SNR and low resolution images. In order to improve DTI, the proposed method is applied to the diffusion weighted images (DWI) from which DTI is computed. The anisotropic flow principle is used in non linear adaptive Gaussian denoising method and smoothing will vary...
A new sensorless method for 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor is presented in this paper. Inductance of two adjacent unexcited phases are used to generate two orthogonal vectors and are used for rotor position estimation. Inductance of unexcited phases are estimated from current slope resulting from pulse injection. This method can estimate rotor position from standstill to high speed without any prior...
In this paper, a new denoising and contrast enhancement method for DTI is proposed. Noise removal is given priority in existing denoising methods. In order to increase the visibility of structural details, contrast enhancement methods has to be used. In proposed method, a non-linear adaptive Gaussian denoising filter removes noises from the DTI. To increase the visibility of filtered micro structural...
This paper presents a new method of threshold estimation for ECG signal denoising using wavelet decomposition. In this method, threshold is computed using the maximum and minimum wavelet coefficients at each level. Using this threshold and well known Hard thresholding process, the significant wavelet coefficients from each level are selected and denoised ECG signal is reconstructed with inverse wavelet...
A novel bow-tie slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), leaky wave antenna is proposed and investigated. This antenna works in the TE10 mode. Proposed antenna leads to more intense electric field and better coupling of E-field in adjacent slots, which results in more uniform spectral behavior in comparison with transverse slot leaky wave antenna. In addition to this proposed antenna gives improved...
Ultra High voltage DC transmission (UHVDC) is an efficient means of long distance power transmission, which has a voltage rating of + 800 kV. The major drawback of the HVDC system is electromagnetic interference produced by the conducting valves. Radiated EMI can be reduced by using shielding around the valve assembly. In this paper the three phase assembly of UHVDC converter valve is modeled in ANSYS...
A compact (25.4mm × 25.4mm) coplanar waveguide fed dual band antenna for GSM/Wi-Fi/ WLAN applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna has a simple structure which consists of two asymmetric stepped strips, which is printed on a commercially cheap FR4 substrate. It exhibits dualband operations in the range of 1.2–1.9GHz and 3.5–6GHz with satisfactory radiation properties. The threshold...
The Power system security is one of the significant aspects, where the proper action needs to be taken by the operational engineers for the unseen contingency. Therefore the contingency analysis is key for the power system security. The contingency ranking using the performance index is a method for the line outages in a power system, which ranks the highest performance index line first and proceeds...
In this paper we propose a novel JL transistor with triple metal gate structure (JLTM). The DC, analog and RF performance parameters of the proposed JLTM have been compared with one standard JL transistor with single metal structure (JLDM). The DIBL and SS of JLTM reported are 0.0059 and 61.838 mV/dec respectively. Analog performance parameters gm, gm/Id, gm/gd has also been reported to be improved...
A compact integrated Bluetooth and ultrawideband (UWB) coplanar waveguide-fed antenna is presented and discussed. The proposed antenna design exhibits wide coverage of Bluetooth (2.4–2.484 GHz) and UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz) frequency band, both successfully giving optimum performance and above all small size. It has been designed very compact (26 × 20 mm2) retaining all the standard parameters like return...
This paper presents a new, simple, efficient and faster GPS acquisition via sub-sampled fast Fourier transform (ssFFT) and thresholding. The proposed algorithm exploits the recently developed sparse FFT (or sparse IFFT) that computes in sublinear time. Further it uses the property of Fourier transforms (FT): Aliasing a signal in the time domain is equivalent to subsampling it in the frequency domain,...
Human negligence and human error have become the primary cause for train accidents in India. The objective of the paper is to eliminate train accidents by exploiting surveillance. Each locomotive is equipped with an automated surveillance system. The train tracks in railway network are segmented and given with distinct track numbers which are read by surveillance system inside the locomotive. This...
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