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Many household appliances today are equipped with inverter technology which may generate disturbances in the frequency range within 9–150 kHz related to the frequency switching used. Since the regulations covering the disturbance in this frequency range are not applicable for all household appliances, the efforts to limit the disturbance produced by some household appliances are less. The voltage...
Nowadays, the inverter technology is widely used in household appliances. This technology may generate disturbance in the frequency range within 9–150 kHz due to its frequency switching. In the shared low voltage network, many appliances can be connected and operated simultaneously causing the interaction between appliances. The disturbance produced by appliance may influence the working performance...
The coupling devices for RF immunity testing in close proximity defined in the new basic standard IEC 61000-4-39 are TEM horn antennas. The required parameters for TEM horn antennas are investigated based on simulations and measurements. In addition the practical relevance of the test method has been investigated with respect to the field properties as well as for an example of a practical mobile...
Some smart meters use Power Line Communication (PLC) to communicate with the utilities. This paper investigates whether common PLC signals are able to disturb the metrology part. For testing, the signals are simulated by band limited noise and by an OFDM signal. Puls modulated and unmodulated signals are tested. The tests are based on IEC FDIS 61000-4-31 [1].
Many household appliances can be operated in standby mode favoring to its benefit displaying the setting information and allowing them to switch on quickly. On Frequency range 9–150 kHz, standby mode operation of some household appliances particularly equipped by EMC filter have a very low impedance which can deliver any path for intentional and unintentional signals in that frequency range. This...
Most household appliances commercially available today on the market are equipped with the inverter technology favoring to its smaller size, advanced performance, and energy efficient. Notwithstanding its benefits, unfortunately, this technology may introduce current disturbance according to its relevant frequency switching and eventually degrades power quality. The switching frequency of inverter...
Some smart meters use G3 PLC in a frequency range of 150 kHz to 500 kHz to communicate with the utilities. This paper investigates whether G3 PLC signals are able to disturb the metrology or the communication of meters. For testing, the G3 signals are simulated by band limited noise and by an OFDM signal. Puls modulated and unmodulated signals are tested. The tests are based on IEC CDV 61000-4-3 [1].
As a result of the power train electrification in electric and hybrid vehicles the electromagnetic compatibility of these vehicles is comprehensively affected. Especially the power electronic components operated at battery voltages of around 400V produce broadband EMI inside the vehicle. To prove compliance with the normative requirements considering the vehicles inner EMC, EMI measurements on component...
For a long term success of electric mobility, it's definitely necessary to provide safe charging infrastructures in addition to marketable vehicles. Since safety and functionality requirements on every electric mobility product are extremely high, the interoperability between charging infrastructure and vehicle, as well as the interaction of both systems under every possible environmental condition...
Currently electric vehicles are introduced in public transport and individual traffic in order to reduce for example the noise and the green house gas emissions. Beside the advantage of higher traction drive efficiency the main disadvantage of electric vehicles compared to vehicles with conventional drive is the shorter operating distance. This is caused by the comparatively low energy density of...
Testing with pulsed signals in reverberation chambers has the advantage of a lower input-power necessary to reach the desired test field-strength. On the other hand larger chambers with a high quality factor Q have a large time-constant. That means that the build-up of the electrical field inside a chamber takes a long time (up to several µs). This can become a problem when testing with 3 µs-pulses...
Currently electric vehicles are introduced in e.g. public transport and individual traffic in order to reduce i.a. the green house gas emissions. The main disadvantage of electric vehicles compared to vehicles with conventional drive is the shorter operating distance. In contrast this disadvantage is partially negligible in urban usage scenarios, like e.g. taxi or delivery services. This paper focuses...
Voltage and current distortions in the frequency range of 2–150 kHz are currently subject in research and standardization work. The reasons are that the appliances potentially generating such distortions are increasingly used and that the regulation and standardization are not completely covering and defining the limits and methods for that distortion. As consequence some interference problems have...
In order to compare radiation measurements in powerline communication systems, the detected values in the applied measurement distance need to be converted to a normative distance using an extrapolation factor. In this paper we determine the extrapolation factor within the frequency range 150 kHz to 500 kHz using analytical, numerical and experimental approaches.
CISPR 12 defines the outdoor test site (OTS) as preferred test site and states that an absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE) can be used if the results gained there match those obtained on outdoor test sites OTS. The investigation of real sites with a validation method as proposed in [5] is very time consuming. The comparison of real world data with simulation models shall show the feasibility...
In a reverberation chamber high field strengths can be generated with comparatively low input power. This makes them suitable for EMC testing with pulsed signals where field strengths of up to 600 V/m are common. It has been shown that due to the reverberant nature of such chambers high transient field strengths are possible. Transient peaks much higher than the stationary field have been encountered...
According to CISPR 12 an absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE) can be used if the results gained there match those obtained on an outdoor test site (OTS) [1]. Currently there are discussions on validation methods to be included in future editions of CISPR 12. One main problem for a systematic evaluation is the OTS as a reference, due to nonspecific ground parameters.
PLT systems available today only use one transmission path between two outlets. It is the differential mode channel between the phase (or live) and neutral contact of the mains. These systems are called SISO (Single Input Single Output) modems. In contrast, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) PLT systems make use of the third wire, PE (Protective Earth), which provides several transmission combinations...
This paper describes the simulation of an electric vehicle drive train via a hardware in the loop (HiL) setup in combination with an interactive driving simulator based on MATLAB/Simulink. This setup provides the possibility to test the suitability of electric vehicles in different usage scenarios using a laboratory environment. Another aspect is that by a comprehensive analysis of the measurement...
The conventional ways of high voltage measuring has some intrinsic shortcomings. With the recent improvement in digital measuring techniques and computers, it has been replaced by the digital automated measuring. A cylindrical dielectric-rod waveguide system has been designed for the purpose of measuring some physical quantities (electrical current, temperature) on high voltage potential. In this...
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