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The functioning of cardiac implants such as implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD) may be perturbed by the exposure of the implanted person to electromagnetic field at workplace. We propose a method in order to help the occupational physician to take a decision when assessing the fitness for work in such a case, which is based on in situ assessment studies. We give here examples of exposure to 50 Hz...
In this paper, the numerical and experimental evaluation of the dimension of the tissue's ablated area in microwave ablation procedures is discussed. The dependence of the temperature on time, both during and after the end of the ablation procedure, is studied both experimentally and numerically. Results show that the thermal lesion continues to grow after the end of the ablation procedure.
In vivo ocular temperatures in rabbits were measured during 40 GHz millimeter-wave exposure (400–100 mW/cm2). To visualize aqueous humor convection, 0.2% microencapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals (MTLCs) were injected into the anterior chambers of rabbit eyes. Exposure to 40 GHz increased corneal, lens and retrobulbar temperature, with aqueous humor convection having an important role in heat...
In this paper, the impact of the skin modeling and displacement currents on the induced electric field evaluated by low frequency solvers has been investigated. Both a simplified canonical test-case and a realistic hand-touching electrical stimulation have been selected as meaningful applications without any loss of generality. Similar considerations are indeed expected for other induced contact current...
The proper implementation of EMC in the design of electronic products has proven to bring more reliability and robustness in electronic systems than a common reactive approach. It is especially the case for complex systems and modules placed in a harsh electromagnetic environment. This paper propose an audit tool aiming at both evaluating the degree of implementation of EMC in the design, and setting...
The present study investigates the performance of a dipole antenna above different electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) substrate for realizing a low specific absorption rate (SAR) antenna. We then investigate the effect of the number of unit cell of the EBG substrate on the antenna performance. The substrate with 24(4×6) EBG patches is considered as a reference. The dipole antenna above a substrate with...
The problem formulated in the title has a great practical importance, since the desire to create “phantoms” with characteristics close to typical head characteristics has led to a variety of variants and to differences in measurement results. The field of antenna under study and SAR depend on the capacitance between surfaces where the antenna under study and the measuring antenna are located. In this...
The GSM-R (Global System for Mobile communications — Railways) is a communication system under deployment in Europe to transmit voice exchanges and data signalling information between the trains and the control centres. This system consists in a network of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) located on the track side and the trains are equipped with an antenna on the locomotive connected to an embedded...
When an LSI package is mounted on a PCB, parasitic couplings are unintentionally generated between them. Antiresonance of these couplings (package-common-mode resonance) can cause degradation of signal and power integrity. In this paper, the authors experimentally verified the package-common-mode resonance by comparing scattering parameters with variation of CMOS output jitter. In order to suppress...
This work presents a fast transient solver for Signal Integrity analysis of high-speed channels. We consider general chip-to-chip coupled interconnect structures, including arbitrary discontinuities at chip, package and board level. An external characterization of the interconnect in terms of tabulated scattering frequency samples is first converted to a closed-form macromodel, whose transient effects...
Study the electromagnetic behavior of the grounding system is still relevant. The main studies are devoted to transient variation of the impedance as well as its electromagnetic radiation. In modeling this problem, the main difficulty is posed by the non-homogeneous soil whose resistivity varies according to climatic conditions, in the time and with depth. The work we propose in this paper treats...
Cable separation rules to prevent crosstalk between different cable categories are in use for over five decades. The rules have been developed in the analogue era and when equipment was not fulfilling any, or maybe some, electromagnetic interference standard. This has changed but the rules are still in use. The technical rationale is unknown, so simulations and measurements have been performed to...
This paper presents a method to deal with the ill-posed and rank-deficient linear systems arising from accelerated partial element equivalent circuit-based electromagnetic simulations via a reluctance method. Since conventional, direct methods, cannot be used to solve these kind of problems, regularization techniques need to be employed. Among various regularization techniques, a least square-based...
Weak power supply networks are very sensitive to non-linear low power loads. Electronics in low power loads are non-linear, very basic, and consisting of a rectifier bridge and bulk capacitor, consuming current only in the peak of the supplied voltage. Due to the relative high power supply network impedance the waveform of the supplied voltage is heavily distorted. In this paper the effect of energy...
This paper describes the phenomena of propagation of common mode high-frequency currents (HF) in the metallic parts of AC machines supplied by pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. After identifying the privileged paths of these HF currents by means of finite elements (FE) analysis method, an equivalent electric model based on geometric parameters, electromagnetic and dielectric characteristics...
This paper is focused on the validation of a previously presented method to obtain conducted EMI in direct matrix converters (MC). Such model is based on a frequency domain equivalent circuit, which is applied to two different prototypes of MC in order to validate such method. This paper starts with a review of the EMI method and follows obtaining the equivalent circuit. The experimental part consists...
The paper presents a shielding effectiveness measuring procedure for the large dimensions textile materials in an ane-choic chamber. The construction of the set-up partially based on IEEE Std 299-2006 document. This construction was described as well as measuring method and analysis of collected data. Also some examples of the measurement results were presented.
Voluntary EMC Laboratory Accreditation Center (VLAC) has organized Proficiency Testing (PT) program of EMI measurement seven times since 2005. In the PT programs, both the radiated emission test and the conducted emission test are instructed to assess the technical proficiecy of the participated test laboratories. To evaluate the data, a deviation from the median value of all submitted data is considered...
This paper examines the measurement of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of radio frequency energy during magnetic resonance imaging using an optical electric field sensor (OEFS). The sensor was used to measure SAR in a simple phantom during a 3-Tesla MRI scan and the results compared to computer simulations and also those obtained through temperature measurements. Good agreement is demonstrated...
When RFID reader antennas are placed in a parallel line configuration, proper shielding is indispensable to prevent the readout of tags in a different line. However, placing electrically conductive or magnetically permeable shielding materials in the vicinity of a loop antenna influences the magnetic field strength and self inductance of the antenna, thus affecting the readout range. This paper evaluates...
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