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Solder joints to solder lands plated with electroless nickel and immersion gold are prone to fractures in the interface between the solder and the nickel surface. A common cause for these fractures has been a plating defect in the solder land coating called “black pad”. However, solder joints to solder lands plated with electroless nickel are inclined to fractures even if the black pad defect is not...
Many electronics products are used in humid environments. High humidity in combination with various contaminants will affect the surface insulation resistance on printed board assemblies and may cause current leakage or in worse case short circuit due to electrochemical migration. This chapter discusses the failure mechanism for electrochemical migration and how it is affected by common contaminants...
ENEPIG (Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold) is emerging as a process offering technical benefits for users and assemblers. The ENEPIG finish is an interesting alternative to ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) since ENEPIG is not concerned with “black pad” or nickel corrosion risk. Electroless palladium is deposited onto the nickel phosphorous layer and finished with immersion...
Temperature cycling of electronic components was carried out at two different temperature profiles, the first ranging between -55degC and 100degC (TC1) and the second between 0degC and 100degC (TC2). Totally, 7000 cycles were run at TC1 and 14500cycles at TC2. The test board's top-side components were surface mounted using Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder alloy, and the bottom side surface mount devices (SMD)...
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