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BackgroundThe present study directly addresses the roles of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ionotropic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptor, and cytokines in the induction of orofacial pain following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital nerve (IoN).
MethodsRats were anesthetized, and ligatures of 4‐0 chromic gut were tied around the IoN. A438079, a P2X7R antagonist or SB203580, a...
In molecular communication, information is encoded and transmitted as a pattern of molecules or other very small information carriers (in this paper, vesicles are used). Nanoscale techniques, such as molecular motors or Brownian motion, are used to convey the vesicles from the transmitter to the receiver, where the transmitted message is deciphered. In this paper, the microchannel environment is considered,...
We aimed to create an autonomous on-chip system that selectively captures and transports lipid vesicles (liposomes) by using machinery that mimics biological systems. By exploiting DNA hybridization and biomolecular-motor-based motility, we demonstrate that single-stranded DNA-labeled microtubules, gliding on kinesin-coated surfaces, acted as cargo transporters, and single-stranded DNA-labeled cargo...
This paper describes research in creating autonomous cargo transporters that load, transport, and unload cargo molecules using the machinery in living cells. By exploiting biomolecular motor-based motility and DNA hybridization, we constructed autonomous cargo transporters and demonstrated that kinesin-driven microtubules can selectively load and transport cargoes toward micro- patterned DNA spots...
This paper describes design and empirically study of a communication interface in molecular communication. The communication interface hides the characteristics of the molecules during the propagation from the sender to a receiver to allow a generic transport of molecules independent of the characteristics. The authors of this paper propose a communication interface that uses a vesicle embedded with...
This paper describes a molecular transport system in molecular communication that uses the machinery in living cells. The molecular transport system requires: 1) loading of the specified cargo molecules at a loading site (at a sender); 2) transport of the loaded cargoes to an unloading site (to a receiver); and 3) unloading of the transported cargoes at the unloading site, all without using external...
Molecular communication uses molecules (i.e., chemical signals) as an information carrier and allows biological and artificially-created nano- or cell-scale devices to communicate over a short distance. It is a new communication paradigm and is different from the existing communication paradigm that uses electromagnetic waves (i.e., electronic and optical signals) as an information carrier. Key research...
Molecular communication is an emerging research area in the bio and nano science. Molecular communication uses molecules as a communication medium and allows nanomachines to communicate over a short distance. A key design challenge in molecular communication is controlling the propagation direction of information-carrying molecules towards their destination. This paper presents results of the experiment...
Molecular communication is an emerging communication paradigm that uses molecules as a communication medium. Molecular communication allows biological and artificially created nano- or cell-scale devices to communicate with each other. This paper proposes a molecular communication system that uses liposomes with gap junction proteins as an interface. A liposome acts as a container of information molecules,...
We demonstrated 40nm gate length "gate overlapped raised extension structure: GORES MOSFET" without halo implantation and prove that the ultra shallow junction (USJ) could coexist with the reducing parasitic resistance in GORES MOSFET. It is the new concept planar transistor with the gate overlapping the in-situ doped epitaxial extension to break through the trade off relation between reducing...
We have developed a high performance pMOSFET with ALD-TiN/HfO2 gate stacks on (110) substrate using gate last process at low temperature. High work function and low gate leakage current are obtained. An extremely high mobility equivalent to P+poly-Si/SiO2 on (110) substrate (171 cm2/Vs at 0.5 MV/cm) is achieved with ALD-TiN/HfO2 on (110) substrate in the thinner Tinv region of 1.7 nm. Vth roll-off...
Molecular communication is a new communication paradigm using molecules as a communication carrier. In molecular communication, information is encoded onto molecules at senders and the molecules propagate to receivers in a controlled manner. The receivers, upon receiving the molecules, decode the encoded information and react biochemically. Molecular communication provides means to deliver molecules...
A raised source/drain extension (RSDE) pFET on (110) Si wafer is demonstrated for the first time with in-situ doped selective epitaxy technology. Roll-off has been effectively improved, resulting from the elimination of ion channeling in (110) Si. Due to the hole mobility enhancement and parasitic resistance reduction, ion of 389muA/mum (Vd= -1.0 V) has been achieved at Lmin around 30nm extracted...
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