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Berry fruit polyphenols exert a number of physiological benefits in animal models suggesting a role in the prevention of a number of chronic human diseases and the augmentation of blood flow, brain function and cognition. Our previous study showed acute supplementation with a berry extract has beneficial effects upon attention, mood and CNS related biomarkers. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled,...
The current observational study investigated differences in cognition, mood and appetite on days of exercise compared to rest in an active female population. It also assessed the effect of breakfast size prior to exercise on these parameters. Forty five, healthy, active females participated in the study (mean±SD age and Body Mass Index (BMI) were 21.4±3.3y and 21.8±2.8kg/m[2] respectively) each completing...
The current study assessed the interactive effect of breakfast and exercise on cognition and mood. Twelve active males completed four trials; no breakfast-rest, breakfast-rest, no breakfast-exercise or breakfast-exercise in a randomized, cross-over design. The trials consisted of; breakfast or fast, a 2h rest, exercise (treadmill run) or equivalent rest, a chocolate milk drink, a 90min rest and an...
The ingestion of a glucose containing drink has been shown to reliably facilitate declarative memory. However, it remains unclear as to which memory process or processes are being targeted by this glucose facilitation and the specific interplay between glucoregulation, glucose administration and memory. A placebo-controlled, double blind, randomised, crossover design was employed to investigate the...
Berry fruit polyphenols have been shown to exert a number of physiological benefits in animal models suggesting a role in the prevention of a number of chronic human diseases and the augmentation of human brain function and cognition. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effect of two berry extracts on cognitive performance and mood in 35 healthy young...
The effects of consuming or omitting breakfast and exercise or rest on cognitive function, mood and appetite were assessed in twelve healthy male participants who completed four trials; no breakfast and rest, breakfast and rest, no breakfast and exercise or breakfast and exercise in a randomized cross-over design. The study design consisted; breakfast (or continued fast), a 2 h rest, an exercise (treadmill...
Nitrate, abundant in beetroot, has been shown to reduce blood pressure and the oxygen cost of sub-maximal exercise; improve endothelial function and modulate regional perfusion in the brain. In this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 16 physically active healthy young adult males received either 450 ml of beetroot juice (∼5.5 mmol nitrate) or a fruit flavoured placebo drink...
The aim of the current two experiments was to investigate whether consumption of a mid-morning snack can alleviate the decline usually observed in children's cognitive performance across the morning. In Experiment 1, 30 children aged 12–13 years consumed a banana, an apple or no snack. A series of computerised tests of attention and memory were administered once prior to snack consumption and 90min...
Ginseng is regularly self-administered by millions of people for its purported effects. However, there is a clear lack of empirical studies to support any behavioural effects in humans. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study assessed the behavioural and mood effects of chronic ingestion of Panax ginseng (G115). Twenty-five volunteers (mean age=35.28, S.D.=10.50) received each treatment...
The notion that chewing gum may relieve stress was investigated in a controlled laboratory experiment. The defined intensity stress simulator (DISS) is a multi-tasking platform which reliably induces stress and also includes performance measures. Using a partial crossover design 40 participants (mean age 22 years) underwent two intensities of the DISS while chewing and not chewing. Before and after...
Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) extracts are most commonly used in Western markets as putatively psychoactive food and drink additives. This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel groups study assessed the acute effects of either a vitamin/mineral/guaraná supplement or placebo drink in 129 healthy young adults (18–24 years). Participants completed a 10min version of the Cognitive Demand...
It is currently debated whether glucose facilitation of cognitive performance is due to differential targeting of hippocampal memory or whether task effort is a more important determinant. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover 2(Drink: glucose/placebo)×2(Effort: ±secondary task) design, 20 healthy young adults’ recognition memory performance was measured using the ‘remember-know’ procedure...
Adequate consumption of vitamins and minerals is essential for the optimal performance of a host of physiological processes that have both direct and indirect effects on brain function, yet modern diets predispose individuals to deficiencies in one or more micronutrients. The present randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigated the cognitive, mood and fatigue reducing effects of...
This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel group study examined the effects of a multivitamin–mineral supplement with guaraná (Berocca Boost Performance®) on aspects of cognitive performance and self-reported mental fatigue during sustained, effortful mental processing. The acute effects of a single dose of either the vitamin/mineral/guaraná or placebo in an effervescent drink were...
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