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Wireless microsensors in factories, hospitals, cars, and so on process information that can save money, energy, and lives. Unfortunately, tiny batteries exhaust quickly, and replacing so many of them frequently is impractical. This is why recharging them with ambient energy is so appealing, especially when vibrations, for example, are abundant and steady. Still, tiny piezoelectric transducers draw...
Although energy in vibrations is often vast, the electrostatic force with which tiny variable capacitors draw power from motion is miniscule, so output power is low. Thankfully, extracting energy at higher voltages generates more power because the electrical damping force that impedes motion to draw power is stronger. Clamping the transducer to a battery is convenient in this respect, but limiting...
Energy and power in tiny batteries are often insufficient to sustain the demands of a wireless microsystem for extended periods. Piezoelectric transducers are viable alternatives because they draw power from a vast tank-free supply of ambient kinetic energy in vibrations. Unfortunately, small devices alone seldom dampen vibrations enough to fully harness what is available, which is why investing energy...
Because small batteries store little energy, micro-scale systems often trade functionality or lifetime, or both, for integration. Harnessing ambient energy can abate the sacrifice, but only to the extent transducer and circuit efficiencies allow. Optimally adjusting the electrical damping force in the transducer is therefore as important as lowering power losses in the circuit. In kinetic electrostatic...
Wireless microsensors that monitor and detect activity in factories, farms, military camps, vehicles, hospitals, and the human body can save money, energy, and lives. Miniaturized batteries, unfortunately, easily exhaust, which limit deployment to few niche markets. Luckily, harnessing ambient energy offers hope. The challenge is tiny transducers convert only a small fraction of the energy available...
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