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Nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) supported palladium-nickel nanoparticles with uniform dispersion are synthesized as catalysts for the electro-oxidation of formic acid. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our TEM results show that the Pd/Ni nanoparticles on NG are uniform with narrower size...
A finite element-based simulation approach is used to predict stress evolution resulting from electromigration-induced diffusion. A diffusion-mechanical coupled model is developed where the electromigration and stress-induced diffusion is coupled to the mechanical equilibrium with an introduction of the electromigration induced inelastic strain. A crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed...
The elastic and plastic anisotropy of β-Sn has an important effect on the stress state, and hence the electromigration induced degradation in Sn-based solder joints. A crystal plasticity model is developed to capture this effect. Calibration of this model is done by using the available literature data. Future refinement of the slip parameters is needed to optimize the model. The model is implemented...
This paper studies the microstructure effects on electromigration in lead-free solder joints in wafer level chip scale package (WL-CSP). It is an extension of an earlier isotropic model [1]. The three dimensional finite element model for solder joints is developed and analyzed in ANSYS®. A sub-modeling technique combined with an indirect coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical analysis is utilized to...
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