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The complexity and increasing operation frequencies of the components of highly complexity of VLSI circuits, coupled with the inaccessibility of components, different clock regimes, and the huge increase in the number of test patterns and protocols required for efficient functional verification with the subsequent increase in power consumption, have aggravated the test problem. As the variety of testability...
Critical applications in areas such as defence, security and space exploration will have design challenges created by factors such as cost, size and tolerance. Scaled technologies will offer a huge potential in these areas, as they are inherently faster, low-power, low-cost and more harsh-environment tolerant. Moving toward nanoscale designs will trigger many design challenges that need to be addressed...
Maintaining constant performance in the presence of a set of changes in parameters and unwarranted events has become an essential aspect of present system designs. Knowing a predefined upper limit, for which a drop in performance is said to be satisfactory, enables autonomous systems to perform a control action to mitigate changes that violate such a predefined limit. This paper introduces an analytical...
Radiation-induced damage presents a serious threat facing space applications. This threat has lead to an increasingly growing demand for radiation tolerant electronic devices. The radiation tolerance is likely to present an intractable problem to satisfy. One way of dealing with the radiation tolerance problem could be through analytical modelling of the many radiation-effects parameters, some of...
The widespread use of smart sensors, particularly, in applications that require continuous tracking and monitoring of mobile objects is contributed to their low cost, small size and high performance. With reference to military applications, both passive and active sensors have been used to counteract stealth technologies, which represent serious growing threats facing radars. This paper examines the...
There are applications where a system may be required to perform multi-functional tasks simultaneously. A key challenge of multi-tasking is the ability of the system to maintain consistent and satisfactory performance, under conflicting functional requirements as well as previously unseen events. Such requirements and events could be imposed by internal processes (system related property) or/and external...
Establishing a relationship between the measure and key parameters affecting the propagated light in a waveguide provides useful information for functional verification and testing of optical biosensors. The proposed mathematical model can estimate the expected responses which - independent of the sensor operation - can be compared against the measured responses to identify inconsistencies in the...
Molecular simulations show that hydrogen bond energies are stable between oxidized and unoxidized variants of the same protein, and that, consequentially, the secondary-structure elements are stable. Whilst there is no change in the energy of hydrogen bonds, it is shown that oxidation increases the number of hydrogen bonds between the oxidized histone octamer and its solvation layer. This analysis...
Decreasing feature sizes to deep sub-micrometer (DSM) dimensions offers a large number of advantages for electronic devices such as high functional integration, reduced size and improvement in performance. However, designing at the DSM level brought with it challenges to -among others -crosstalk and delay techniques. The use of high clock frequencies, coupled with a large number of longer interconnect...
Due to their high bandwidth, high interconnection density and superior performance, optical interconnects have been recognized as a potential means for increasing performance and driving out the problems associated with on-chip metallic interconnects. Coupled with advances in semiconductor technology that will enable manufacturers to meet the demand for the integration of optical and electronic components...
Implantable biochips have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications such as medicine (for rapid diagnostics), surveillance (for detection and monitoring of environmental biological and chemical concentrations) and in defence and security (wearable intelligence for body condition monitoring). In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for use in these implantable biochips. This algorithm...
A system or a process could be viewed as a set of events being executed in a particular manner to satisfy certain objectives. The assertion and execution of an event(s) may be governed by a set of parameters, internal and external to the system. Variation in parameters may impair the functionality of the system, with potentially undesirable consequences. To allow for self-control and adaptability...
While a sensor's manufacturing yield is high it may be very sensitive to variations in environmental conditions, e.g. temperature. Such sensitivity may cause the sensor to have low operating performance. This paper presents analytical modelling expressions to estimate the sensitivity of a waveguide-based sensor - with a particular emphasis on biosensors - to parameter fluctuations as well as the upper...
As the chip dimensions increase with chip complexity, interconnects tend to get longer. With the longer on-chip interconnects coupled with a decrease in wire width and wire separation, inductive coupling effects have become non-negligible. Analytical modelling expressions for the estimation of the noise peak voltage of the victim line under worst-case crosstalk noise effect are presented.
With the continued scaling of feature sizes in deep submicron technology, on-chip interconnects have become a dominant factor affecting performance and reliability in high performance integrated circuits (IC). The longer on-chip interconnects coupled with a decrease in wire width and wire separation, inductive effects, and more specifically, mutual inductance coupling between neighbouring wires become...
The increase of clock frequency into the GHz range, coupled with longer length interconnects of small cross-section and low dielectric strength, can result in cross-coupling effects between on-chip interconnects. In this paper, we propose a four-reflection wave propagation based analytical model for estimation of crosstalk. An emphasis was made on the distributed nature of the RLC model used, thus...
With the improvement of VLSI technologies, many components of highly complex functions can be fabricated into a single chip. However, the high density and complexity of integrated circuits brought with it challenges to traditional test techniques. According to the silicon industry, the cost of fabricating a chip will drop below that of test. Hence, it is imperative that test techniques lower testing...
Recovery from fault (or malfunction) and maintaining constant performance in the presence of unusual events is a major concern in a wide range of applications. Therefore, there is a need for hardware that is capable of changing (or adjusting) its behaviour dynamically and autonomously. In this paper, a state-space analytical model for the real-time detection of unusual events and repair is proposed
Advanced sensors coupled with exponential improvements in computer technology have enabled sensors to be deployed in a wide range of applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to improved biomedical devices. However, to be useful in real-life applications - in the industrial or medical environment - a sensor has to be able to autonomously adapt in response to unusual events. The purpose of...
The continuous down scaling of feature sizes into deep sub-micrometer dimensions, coupled with the used of high operation frequency in very large scale integration (VLSI) has made the on-chip interconnect the most dominant factor determining the overall circuit signal integrity performance. However, present VLSI interconnects are best modelled as distributed RLC lines. Thus, the generally well-accepted...
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