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This paper focuses to the problematic of thin film metal layers. The samples prepared by vacuum evaporation of thin film meander-shaped aluminium layers were analysed. Electrical resistance and thickness of layer were included in the measured parameters. We evaluated these parameters in dependence of the volume of the source material, i.e., an aluminium wire. We observed a certain variance in measured...
Electronic devices that can physically or functionally disintegrate on-demand have applications as remote sensors, bioelectronics for diagnostics, and other multifunctional devices with temporal functional profiles. This emerging field requires materials, devices, and systems which effectively disappear, (i.e. vaporize), with little or no traceable remains. Prior efforts have achieved transience with...
The contact resistance (RC) of Au wires bonded to AlCuW bond pads (98.5% Al, 0.5% Cu, 1.0% W) and pure Al bond pads was measured continuously using the high-resolution resistometric method during multiple high-temperature storage (HTS) tests. Oven storage temperatures from 200°C to 250°C were utilized to accelerate the intermetallic formation and resistance degradation at the bond interface. This...
This paper applies for the first time an RF equivalent of the four-point probe Kelvin DC technique to characterize the TSV inductance. This RF approach is based on two-port S-parameter measurements over a wide frequency range using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The approach is easy to implement to determine the TSV inductance, which can be complementary to the DC Kelvin measurements. In addition,...
The aim of this paper was to elaborate novel two-dimensional behavioral temperature models for thin-film resistors fabricated onto FR-4 laminate. Investigated resistors were made of Ni-P alloy with two different thicknesses (0.1 μm or 0.05 μm) and the same different sheet resistances (100 ohm/sq or 250 ohm/sq). A large number of R(l, w, T) characteristics was measured automatically in cryostat system...
The error of method appears when measuring voltage by data acquisition (DAQ) devices because of neglecting their input parameters. The experimental determination of input parameters, such as the equivalent Thevenin input voltage and resistance, for 9 DAQ devices NI USB 6009 was carried out. Uncertainties for these parameters are given as well. The experimentally determined parameters compared with...
With the continuous development of low voltage apparatus theory and manufacturing technology, the current of low voltage apparatus products is increasing. The current measurement technology during the switching test has become a hot research interest. On the basis of analyzing the working principle of Rogowski coil, the current calculation method of Rogowski coil current transformer is discussed systematically...
Multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) are one of the main energy storage components for an electronics power distribution network (PDN). The most important performance band of an MLCC capacitor is not at the series resonant frequency (SRF), but at the higher frequency where it forms a parallel resonant peak with its mounted inductance and the on-die capacitance or power plane capacitance. The properties...
Thin film resistors (TFRs) have been fabricated by an optimized process. Titanium nitride (TiN) was used as the resistor layer and was deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition MOCVD) process. H2-N2 plasma was applied after every cycle of TiN deposition to stabilize TiN films. The fabrication effects such as deposition of the isolation layer, and passivation layer as well as formation of...
Moisture measurement of bulk materials is important factor considering optimization of the milling process. Moisture measurement of loose material is difficult due to its inhomogeneities. Review of existing techniques for moisture measurement of bulk material proved that universal methods for moisture measurement of bulk material are not currently available. The distinctive construction of the electromagnetic...
Any failure of a power transformer can result in serious consequences for a power system. Bushing failures, mechanically damaged windings or deterioration of solid insulation may cause unexpected power line cut-offs and financial losses to a company. Faulty operation of the on-load tap changer (OLTC) caused by increased contact resistance, contact misalignment or broken drive mechanism also reduces...
This paper studies the problem of reliable resistive-memory readout through the rigorous lens of communication theory. The most dominant reliability issue in resistive memory can be modeled as interference of resistances in parallel to a measured resistance. For this special type of interference we develop detection and coding schemes that are shown to effectively mitigate the effects of sneak-path...
This paper presents a measurement system for testing of electric detonator's firing pulse. The measurement system consists of a developed current source that is controlled by a virtual instrument (VI) and the second VI measures true delivered pulse to the detonator. The system was tested using dummy detonator resistances to determine the system properties and limitations and it was concluded that...
Circuit Breakers are one of the most important elements in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy, and assessing their condition is of the upmost importance regarding the health and safety of the transmission and distribution system. Numerous procedures and parameters exist that directly reflect the state of the circuit breaker, but this paper focuses on a relatively new procedure...
Cobalt and copper interconnects with identical barrier and CMP processes were formed on ultra-low k (ULK) dielectric films at the 7nm node. Divot-free Co and Cu interconnects are demonstrated using the same CMP process. Co-filled dual damascene interconnects show high line yields with similar via resistance values compared to Cu. Co line resistance measures three times higher resistance than Cu. The...
Under high impulse currents, an earthing system exhibits different impulse characteristics depending on the shape and/or design configuration of the earthing system. These characteristics have been seen to be different with respect to its steady-state as highlighted in many studies. Furthermore, in order to ascertain that a correct design of an electrical system is achieved, it is important to evaluate...
Presented are techniques for designing, modeling, and control of reliable pneumatic artificial muscle actuators with integrated low profile sensors for position feedback. The sensor is fabricated through a three-dimensional manufacturing process based on a modified lathe approach for controlling viscous and viscoelastic materials as well as on direct writing of liquid metal. Next, a new precision...
The work aims to determine the number of foam layers and profile of their dielectric parameters for calculating the coefficients of reflection of foam structures. A foam structure profile depending on its height, quantity of layers and their thickness is defined by measurement of electric characteristics of specimens of foam layers, for example electric resistance (conductivity). Experimental measurements...
Due to the rising electrification, there is a need for innovative charging technologies to keep pace with technological progress and tethered charging. The electrical performance of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is one crucial point in charging electric vehicles. The resonance frequency respectively the switching frequency of the converter has a large impact on system behavior. Due to component...
Platinum-group metals have emerged as promising alternatives to replace Cu in scaled interconnects. Here, we present a short-loop test vehicle to fabricate metal nanowires with sub-100 nm2 cross-section area without the need for multiple patterning or CMP. Ru nanowires with 58 nm2 cross-section area, as determined by the TCR method, were realized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy...
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