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This paper presents the effects of Static Var Compensator (SVC), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading, line structural...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase of short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes new...
Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays leading to deviation of the measured impedance from its actual value. The presence of the fault resistance not only leads to measured resistance deviation, but also affects the measured reactance. This would lead to either under-reaching or over-reaching. This paper investigates the over-reaching aspect by defining over-reaching factor for...
This paper discusses the distance relay over-reaching due the presence of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, considering its MOV operation. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of TCSC at the near end of the next line. The measured impedance...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of UPFC on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural...
This paper presents a modified distance protection due to the presence of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. The presence of STATCOM on a transmission line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural conditions,...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase in short circuit levels along the power systems, which itself causes...
This paper discusses the impact of a directly connected load to transmission lines, without switching and protective facilities, on distance relays at the line ends, by means of presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point and the distance relay ideal tripping characteristic. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line structural and pre-fault...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone applied...
This paper presents the effects of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point itself depends on the power system structural and operational...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, the first zone and a part of the second zone, and the backup, the rest of the second zone and the third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper compares...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main and backup protective device. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper discusses the measured impedance by six elements of distance relay first zone in the case of a single phase...
This paper presents the measured impedance by a distance relay in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected FACTS devices, on a transmission line, considering its metal oxide varistor (MOV) operation, in the case of inter, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by the power system structural...
Distance relays are widely in use as main and back-up protective devices for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors. Continued demand for electricity energy leads to increase in the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes new problems. One of the proposed solutions for this problem is...
This paper investigates the measured impedance by a distance relay considering the transmission line capacitance by utilizing a pi model for the line. The distance relay ideal tripping characteristic is presented. The measured impedance and the tripping characteristic are compared with those of in the case of neglecting the line capacitance. In the case of zero fault resistance, especial attention...
The paper presents an adaptive procedure for digital distance protection device that allows to compensate for the negative influence of the reactance effect, caused by fault resistance and pre-fault power flow. The procedure utilizes locally measured phase currents and voltages and has been designed to operate with double-circuit power lines. The algorithm calculates on-line shift vector components...
Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in the transmission systems. These relays are used as the main, First zone and a part of second zone, and the backup, the rest of second zone and third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper investigates the measured...
This paper presents the effects of unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading, the line structural conditions,...
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