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Cars have become essential elements of modern life. But nowadays the increasing number of cars also leads to problems: pollution, traffic jams leading to wasted time spent in traffic. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) demonstrate innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management, and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated,...
The small signal levels provided by the limited size and inertial mass of miniature, open-loop MEMS accelerometers provide a challenging problem to achieve low noise and high stability needed for navigation and other applications. The challenge is made more difficult when different applications need to operate at a wide range of different peak g-levels. This paper discusses the performance achieved...
Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based micro gripper for micro-assembling processes is designed. Gripper arms are actuated using a combination of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys and Si springs allowing a gripping range of 1–120µm. Heat which is needed to actuate shape memory alloy (SMA) is obtained by electro thermal properties of Ni-Ti by passing a current which is controlled by specially designed...
The classical compressed sensing (CS) paradigm can be modified so as to leverage a signal correlated to the signal of interest, called side information, which is assumed to be provided a priori at the decoder in order to aid reconstruction. In this work, we propose a novel CS reconstruction method based on belief propagation principles, which manages to exploit side information generated from a diverse...
Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) enable cognitive users (CUs equipped with spectrum sensing) access the underutilized spectrum licensed to primary users (PUs) without causing unacceptable interference to the PUs' activities. On appearance of PUs, the available channel of CUs at different position may have different available channels which changes dynamically over time. Due to temporal and spatial...
This chapter provides a brief overview of the most relevant current silicon processing technologies. A number of high potential future techniques are also presented. Systems based upon silicon are almost ubiquitous in today’s world; as a material, silicon is required to accommodate the growing needs of an increasingly demanding society. A consequence of this is a constant drive for cheaper solutions...
NANO cantilevers are one of the basic Nanomechanical structures. They are fixed at one ends and the other ends can move freely like a diving board. Their sizes are in the micrometer and nanometer ranges. Nano cantilevers are called Nano cantilever sensors when their surfaces are functionalized to detect specific molecules. Since these sensors have offered remarkable possibilities in detection, they...
Today's packaging standard for consumer MEMS sensors are plastic mold packages of the LGA or QFN type. Multiple chips are placed on a substrate or leadframe, electrically connected by wire bonds and protected by overmolding the sensitive devices. While being a flexible and very effective packaging technology it contributes significantly to the overall sensor dimensions in x-, y- and z-direction. The...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy is dissipated mainly when sensors are communicating with sinks. As a result, multiple sinks are deployed in the network in order to increase its coverage area and shorten the communication distance between these two entities. This raises the issue of how best to bind sensors to sinks without overloading any sink. In this paper, we solve the sensor-to-sink...
Event-driven DSPs have the advantage of activity-dependent power consumption [1], and event-driven neural networks have shown superior power efficiency in real-time recognition tasks [2]. A bio-inspired silicon cochlea [3] functionally transforms sound input into multi-frequency-channel asynchronous event output, and hence is the natural candidate for the audio sensing frontend of event-driven signal...
The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth new opportunities by seamlessly integrating the physical world using computing, sensing, and wireless networks, transforming it into a cyber-physical system. An essential building block enabling an IoT is a sensing system. The use of “near-field communication (NFC)” has gained attention in recent years, as it enables low-power short-range...
The coverage is a critical issue in WSNs and considered as a measure of the service quality of WSNs. We proposed a coverage optimal algorithm based on Virtual Distance (VD) to enhance the coverage of WSNs after initial random placement. We define the ideal position of node related to its neighbor, and then the distance vector of one node's real position to ideal position is defined as virtual distance...
Area coverage is a fundamental research problem in Directional Wireless Sensor Networks (DSNs). Unlike omni-directional sensors, it is required to activate the sensor nodes along with their sensing directions in DSNs. Appropriate selection of sensing sectors that can maximize the area coverage is a challenging problem here. In this work, we develop a greedy algorithm for area coverage in clustered...
Recently there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of the coalition formation in a cognitive radio network and it has been shown that coalition formation tends to improve the performance of cognitive radios. In this paper, we use the concepts from matching theory to form coalitions among cognitive radio users for cooperative spectrum sensing under target detection probability constraint...
Nowadays wireless sensor network (WSN) of mobile nodes is used in most of the sensor applications especially in event-driven applications. The choice of mobile nodes are obvious as they are much more versatile than static sensors. Mobile nodes can be deployed in any scenario and cope with rapid changes in the environment. One of the fundamental problem of mobile WSN is energy consumption and this...
The concept of single input — multi output (SIMO) sensors is investigated for the purpose of chemical sensing and more precisely gas sensing. The measurement of a single gas is coupled to different outputs, each involving various transduction mechanisms. The concept is especially matched to gas sensing via selective adsorbing mechanism in an active layer, the mass or the electrical polarization of...
Voronoi diagram is a very important and practical geometric construction in computation geometry. In this paper, r- limited Voronoi diagram was introduced into the spatial pattern of corporate staff' safety awareness in emergent situation to describe the dynamic changes in the scope of swarm safety perception. Then, the virtual individual potential function of safety awareness emergency was put forward...
This Lower part of skeletal structure of humans (hereafter, lower body) plays a fundamental role in maintaining balance and gait of a person. Naturally, when the lower body joints are affected by pain, the gait of a person is changed. In this paper we inspected the correspondence of gait patterns to different lower body joint pains. It was found that gait patterns can indeed be used as non-intrusive...
This paper presents a new principled framework for exploiting time-sensitive information to improve the truth discovery accuracy in social sensing applications. This work is motivated by the emergence of social sensing as a new paradigm of collecting observations about the physical environment from humans or devices on their behalf. These observations maybe true or false, and hence are viewed as binary...
This paper develops a new principled framework for exploiting time-sensitive information to improve the truth discovery accuracy in social sensing applications. This work is motivated by the emergence of social sensing as a new paradigm of collecting observations about the physical environment from humans or devices on their behalf. These observations maybe true or false, and hence are viewed as binary...
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