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We studied the current-voltage characteristics of percolating networks of silicon nanowires (nanonets), operated in transistor mode, with back-gate biasing. These devices featured P-type field-effect characteristics suitable for future use as sensors. It was found that a Lambert W function-based compact model could be used for parameter extraction of electrical parameters such as effective low field...
As an enabler of sustainable and innovative progress in wide range of applications from automotive to IoT, embedded non-volatile memory (eNVM) including embedded Flash (eFlash) has been and will be playing key roles. To meet more stringent and/or diversified requirements while overcoming many challenges along with memory cell scaling, hierarchical optimization in eNVM design from memory cell to hard...
The Internet of Things comprises smart devices - objects that don't just sense and communicate, but also possess varying processing capabilities. The diversity of IoT infrastructure in terms of resources they expose poses new challenges for applications delivery. On one side, we have resource constrained devices in terms of memory, storage and processing capabilities such as mobile and sensor-gateway...
In this paper we propose a new front-end for resonating sensors which is based on a logic inverter working as amplifier. The front-end is compact and auto-zeroing which makes it a good candidate for integration and for low power applications. It has been simulated in AMS-350nm CMOS Technology and a prototype has been fabricated using discrete components on a PCB. The circuit was tested with a BvD...
One of the crucial challenges in the recently emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications is how to handle the massive heterogeneous data generated from a large number of resource-constrained sensors. In this context, cloud computing has emerged as a promising paradigm due to its enormous storage and computing capabilities, thus leading to the IoT-Cloud convergence. In such a framework, IoT devices...
Rapid advancement in wearable technology has unlocked a tremendous potential of its applications in the medical domain. Among the challenges in making the technology more useful for medical purposes is the lack of confidence in the data thus generated and communicated. Incentives have led to attacks on such systems. We propose a novel lightweight scheme to securely log the data from bodyworn sensing...
With the advent of Internet and computational era, not only opportunity to send and receive data between humans, but also among the devices without human control over it. This is known as Internet of Things (IoTs) concept which can be applied for solving the growing issue of power/energy management. A solution is a cheap and easy to implement and manage energy monitoring system for our daily usage...
Artificial neuron is one of the fundamental computing unit in brain-inspired artificial neural network. The standard CMOS based artificial neuron designs to implement non-Unear neuron activation function typically consist of large number of transistors, which inevitably causes large area and power consumption. There is a need for novel nanoelectronic device that can intrinsically and efficiently implement...
Wireless sensor network is one of the effective tools for data gathering in a variety of environments which has a lot of challenges. Controlling the congestion is one of the challenges that primarily depends on the way the large number of sensors in a network are organized and controlled. A group of nodes is called a cluster which sends information to the gateway through the cluster head. This structure...
Today, we see the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Latest IoT devices are embedded, single-board computers (SBC) equipped with Ethernet and WiFi. Those SBCs are run an operating system and have network interfaces and use standard Internet protocols like IP, TCP, and so on. Compared to the envisioned devices for the future IoT these SBCs are still large and connected to a steady power supply...
Despite many Internet of Things (IoT) Infrastructures having been implemented in recent years, none of them is truly prepared for a global deployment, where failure tolerance and scalability are an essential requirement. This article presents an alternative concept for IoT Infrastructures, which focuses on enhancing the traditional centralized architecture, usually operated by a single entity, into...
Infrastructure monitoring applications currently lack a cost-effective and reliable solution for supporting the last communication hop for low-power devices. The use of cellular infrastructure requires contracts and complex radios that are often too power hungry and cost prohibitive for sensing applications that require just a few bits of data each day. New low-power, sub-GHz, long-range radios are...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are extensively used in various industries and environments to monitor an environment and manage risks in situations such as real-time traffic monitoring and health care. The Internet of Thing (IOT) is a wireless sensor networks. Because a WSN is an open wireless communication network, it is vulnerable to security threats and attacks. It must authenticate its partner’s...
Industrial Internet of things (IIoTs) relies on different devices working together, gathering and sharing data using multiple communication protocols. This heterogeneity becomes a hindrance in the development of architectures that can support applications operating independently of the underlying protocols. Therefore in this paper, we proposed a modular and scalable architecture based on lightweight...
Process variation is a conspicuous predicament for sub-micron VLSI circuits. In this paper, we illustrate “choke points” as a vital consequence of process variation in the Near Threshold Computing (NTC) domain. Choke points are process variation affected sensitized logic gates with increased delay deviation. They dominate the choice of critical paths postfabrication. To mitigate the timing errors...
Human development is directly related to the transport facility. India has been starting its transport through railways since 19th century. The Indian railway system is very big and very complicated. When generation moves forward, the technology and complexity are also moves to its higher levels. Now days, there is no exact communication between Indian railways and passengers. When the passenger wants...
Wheatstone bridge sensors are often used in precision instrumentation and measurement systems, e.g., for μK-resolution temperature sensing in wafer steppers [1] and mPa-resolution differential pressure sensing in precision air gauges [2]. Since they output small differential signals superimposed on a large common-mode (CM) voltage, typical bridge readout ICs (ROICs) consist of an instrumentation amplifier...
A two-transistor antifuse OTP memory macro using permanent MOS-gate-oxide breakdown as a programming scheme is fabricated and characterized. The antifuse OTP bitcell is composed of an NMOS as antifuse element and as a select transistor. Characterization shows that this solution is a viable technology option for modern OTP and electrical fuse applications.
High floating-gate (FG) to FG coupling and lithography limitations have been preventing 2D-NAND flash from further reduction in die size, (e.g., there is no ISSCC paper discussing a 3b/cell 2D-NAND after 2013 [1,2]). Alternatively, since high-density multi-stacked 3D-flash was first introduced as BiCS flash [3], recent dramatic innovations in 3D-flash technologies are rapidly boosting bit density...
Internet of Thing (IoT) provide services by linking the different platform devices. They have the limitation in providing intelligent service. The IoT devices are heterogeneous which includes wireless sensors to less resource constrained devices. These devices are prone to hardware/software and network attacks. If not properly secured, it may lead to security issues like privacy and confidentiality...
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