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Gallium-Nitride (GaN) power devices have garnered a lot of attention for their reduced switching losses leading to small-form-factor high-frequency switching converters. However, issues related to reliable GaN gate driving, signal and power isolation with high common-mode immunity, and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI) need special attention. This session presents recent advances in EMI-aware...
Low-power sensor interfaces play a key role in monitoring industrial system reliability in hostile environments. They are exposed to destructive surge voltages, which are caused by ground current spikes from operation transitions of machinery and motor drives, endangering circuit functionality. Employing galvanic isolation is thus imperative to protect the sensor analog front end (AFE) from severe...
Piezoelectric actuators are used in a growing range of applications, e.g., haptic feedback systems, cooling fans, and microrobots. However, to fully realize their potential, these actuators require drivers able to efficiently generate high-voltage (>100Vpp) low frequency (<300Hz) analog waveforms from a low-voltage source (3-to-5V) with small form factor. Certain applications, such as piezoelectric...
Glaucoma is an eye disease, where the elevated level of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the anterior chamber of the eye can damage the optic nerve causing irreversible blindness [1]. An IOP monitoring microsystem (IMM) implanted in the interior chamber of the eye is required to take frequent IOP measurements to account for its diurnal variation and dependency on the body posture, which is not possible...
A clock generator using an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) offers remarkable jitter performance with low-overhead of additional circuits such as injection switches. Because the injection clock cleans the edge of the oscillator in every injection period, jitter accumulation is avoided. However, the ILO alone causes a severe reference spur owing to the mismatch between the desired oscillation frequency...
Integrated voltage regulation is critical to the energy efficiency in systems ranging from high-end processors to emerging IoT devices. For large-scale systems, challenges include the large number of voltage domains, DVFS per domain, large current transients, and wide dynamic range of current loads. In the ultra-low-power space, major obstacles include coping with uncertainty in energy harvesting...
Clock network optimization is substantially affected by the operating voltage VDD, as the clock skew is dominated by different mechanisms and has a different balance between wire and repeater delay at different VDD (Fig. 26.3.1). At above-threshold VDD, deep clock networks with several levels of repeaters are needed to control the clock slope in wires [1]. At sub-threshold VDD, shallow networks are...
Successful power supply noise mitigation requires a system-level approach that includes design and modeling of the mitigation circuits with the power delivery network (PDN) on the chip, the chip module, the backplane, and the voltage regulator module (VRM). Traditionally, periodic square-wave activity patterns with all cores in sync, which yield low-frequency (LF) or mid-frequency (MF) impedance peaks...
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been studied to monitor lung ventilation because it is the only real-time lung imaging method without large equipment [1–2]. However, previous EIT systems just provided 2D cross-sectional image with limited spatial information of the lung and unneglectable volume detection error depending on the location of 2D EIT belt relative to the patient's lung. In spite...
This Evening Session is not about circuits or chip architectures; rather it is a technical session on economics driving the semiconductor industry. Business leaders (CEOs, CFOs, VCs, Investors) use very sophisticated financial engineering and analysis tools to make decisions that sometimes do not appear to make sense to designers working in the technology trenches. In this evening session, several...
In high-speed pipeline or pipelined-SAR ADCs, conventional opamp-based residue amplifiers consume significant amounts of power due to stringent settling speed and accuracy requirements. A recent alternative approach employs a dynamic amplifier [1] to achieve a more efficient form of settling, stemming from the fact that slewing is more power efficient than exponential settling (Fig. 28.4.1). For example,...
Next-generation IoT systems are expected to be enabled by compact, low-cost, low-power, smart sensing devices that provide a wealth of information to build new applications and capabilities. Among sensing modalities, optical spectrometry is one of the rapidly growing areas of interest due to its wide range of applications from environment monitoring, industrial and home applications to healthcare...
Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) continue to evolve from classical architectures into hybrid converters that combine the strengths of various ADC types. This session demonstrates multiple hybrid ADCs ranging from MHz to GHz bandwidths, employing combinations of SAR, pipeline and oversampling architectures. Pipelined-SAR ADCs utilizing PVT-stabilized dynamic amplifiers, separate comparators per...
Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars can provide high resolution and superior sensitivity for wireless sensing [1–3]. Radar signals, whose frequency increases or decreases linearly with time, are transmitted via an antenna, reflected from an object, and then received through an antenna after a time delay. Therefore, the frequency difference between the transmitted and received signals...
Fully integrated implementation of mm-wave/THz radiators and phased arrays presents new potentials for applications like spectroscopy, imaging, and high data-rate communication. These applications demand sufficient radiated power, wide frequency range, and variable phase shifting between sources to perform beam steering. Limited power generation capability of transistors close to the maximum oscillation...
Full-duplex (FD) radio communication potentially doubles the spectral efficiency in the densely occupied RF spectrum (100MHz to 5GHz). However, significant challenges remain, particularly the presence of a strong transmitter (TX) self-interference (SI) coupling to the receiver (RX). Numerous recent efforts on mitigating SI have focused on using active cancellation techniques [1–5]. However, these...
Millimeter-wave/THz hyperspectral imaging has numerous applications in security, non-destructive evaluation, material characterization, and medical diagnostics [1]. Unlike single-frequency imaging, hyperspectral imaging operates over a wide frequency range and offers spectroscopic information on each imaging pixel. This combines mm-wave/THz high-resolution imaging with spectroscopy and improves detection...
This session covers the latest advancements in frequency sources and synthesis, fundamental blocks for communication, sensing and imaging systems. The first presentation in the session demonstrates a high-efficiency, high-power multiport radiating element at 114GHz in a SiGe BiCMOS technology. The second paper proposes an efficient calibration technique applied to a 27-to-31GHz injection-locking frequency...
High-speed SAR ADCs became popular with modern CMOS technologies because of their mostly digital logic, making them highly suitable for compact and power-efficient multi-GS/s time-interleaved ADCs. As many applications cannot tolerate input swings ≥1Vppd, comparator noise limits the SNDR of SAR ADCs, making gain stages necessary for higher SNDR - either as comparator pre-amplifiers or between pipelined...
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